مطالعه نانوفسیل‌های آهکی سازند گورپی، میدان نفتی مارون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زمین شناسی نفت و حوضه های رسوبی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

در مطالعه پیش رو، نانوفسیل‌های آهکی سازند گورپی از چاه شماره 123، میدان نفتی مارون در حوضه رسوبی زاگرس مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، 38 گونه متلعق به 18 جنس از نانوفسیل‌های آهکی، از نهشته‌های سازند گورپی معرفی شدند. بر اساس گونه‌های شاخص شناسایی شده، 9 بایوزون شامل بایوزون‌های CC17-CC25 از زون‌بندی Sissingh (1977) تصحیح شده توسط Perch-Nielsen (1985) معرفی شده است که معادل زون‌های UC12-UC20 از زون‌بندی Burnett (1998) می‌باشد. بایوزون‌های شناسایی شده بیانگر بازه سنی سانتونین پسین تا ماستریشتین پسین برای توالی مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. به منظور مطالعات دیرینه‌بوم‌شناسی، تنوع، فراوانی، سایز و میزان حفظ‌شدگی تاکسای نانوفسیلی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. توزیع و فراوانی گونه‌هایی از جمله Micula decussata، Micula murus و Watznaueria barnesiae حاکی از آن است که به سمت انتهای سازند بر میزان دما و استرس محیطی افزوده شده است. همچنین اجتماع نانوفسیل‌های موجود حاکی از ته‌نشست سازند گورپی در عرض‌های جغرافیایی پایین تا متوسط در زمان کرتاسه پسین می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran, Geological survery of Iran, p. 586.
Al-Wosabi, A., Alaug, S., 2013. Calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy of the Late Early Maastrichtian Age, Block 16, Jiza’-Qamar Basin, Eastern Yemen. Arabian Journal of Geoscience 6, 3581–3594.
 Andruleit, H., 1997. Coccolithophore in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. Seasonality and assemblage alterations. Marine Micropaleontology 31, 45–64.
Bischoff, G., Mutterlose J., 1998. Calcareous nannofossils of the Barremian/Aptian boundary interval in NW Europe: biostratigraphic and palaeoecologic implications of a high resolution study. Cretaceous Research 19, 635–661.
Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., Perch-Nielsen. K., 1985. Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Bown, P.R. (ed.) 1998. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, British Micropalaeontological Society, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordecht.
Bornemann, A., Aschwer, U., Mutterlose, J., 2003. The impact of calcareous nannofossils on the pelagic carbonate accumulation across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 199 (3–4), 187–228.
Bornemann, A., Mutterlose, J., 2006. Size analyses of the coccolith species Biscutum constans and Watznaueria barnesiae from the Late Albian “Niveau Breistroffer” (SE France): Taxonomic and palaeoecological implications. Geobios 39, 599–615.
Bornemann, A., Mutterlose, J., 2006. Size analyses of the coccolith species Biscutum constans and Watznaueria barnesiae from the late Albian «Niveau Breistroffer» (SE France): taxonomic and palaeoecological implications. Geobios 39 (5), 599–615.
Bornemann, A., Mutterlose, J., 2008. Calcareous nannofossil and 13C records from the Early Cretaceous of the Western Atlantic Ocean: Evidence for enhanced fertilization across the Berriasian-Valanginian transition. PALAIOS 23, 821–832.
Bown, P.R., 1998. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, British Micropalaeontological Society Series, Chapman & Hall/Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp. 315.
Bown, P.R., Young, J.R., 1998. Techniques In: Bown, P.R. (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropaleontology Society Publication, pp.16–28.
Bukry, D., 1973. Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, Tasman Sea and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 21. Initial Report, Deep Sea Drill, Project 21, 885–893.
Bukry, D., Bramlettem, M.N., 1970. Coccolith age determinations Leg 3 Deep sea Drilling Project, Initial Report of DSDP 3, 589–611.
Burnett, J.A., 1998. Upper Cretaceous. In: Bown, P.R. (ed.) Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Series, Chap Kluw Academic Publisher, London pp. 132–199.
Corbett, M., Watkins, K., 2013. Calcareous nannofossil paleoecology of the mid-Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway and evidence of oligotrophic surface waters during OAE2. Palaeogeogphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 392, 510–523.
Doeven, P.H., 1983. Cretaceous nannofossil stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Canadian Atlantic Margin. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 356, 1–70.
Erba, E., 1990. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from the western Pacific (Leg 129): evidence for paleoequatorial crossings. In: Dearmont, L.H., Mc Quistion, N.K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 129. College Station, Texas, pp. 189–196.
 Erba, E., Castradori, F., Guasti, G., Ripepe, M., 1992. Calcareous nannofossils and Milankovitch cycles: the example of the Gault Clay Formation (southern England). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 93, 47– 69.
Eshet, Y., Almogi, L.A., 1996. Calcareous nannofossils as paleoproductivity indicators in Upper Cretaceous organic-rich sequences in Israel. Marine Micropaleontology 29, 37–61.
Eshet, Y., Moshkovitz, S., Habib, D., Benjamini, C., Margaritz, M., 1992. Calcareous nannofossil and dinoflagellate stratigraphy across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at Hor Hahar, Israel. Marine Micropaleontology 18, 199–228.
Esrafili-dizaji, B., Rabbani, J., 2007. Geology of Iran's hydrocarbon reservoirs, Avaie zamin, Geological Association of students-University of Tehran, 3(7), 6-11 (in Persian).
Farouk, S., Faris, M., 2012. Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal bioevents of the shallow-marine carbonate platform in Mitla Pass, west central Sinai, Egypt. Cretaceous Research 33, 50-65.
Fereydoonpour, M., Mahanipour, A., Dastanpour, M., 2018. Biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation based on Calcareous Nannofossils at the north east of Deh Dasht area (Izeh Zone). Journal of Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches University of Isfahan 34 (2), 7-10 (In Persian).
Fisher, C.G., Hay, W.W., 1999. Calcareous nannofossils as indicators of mid Cretaceous paleofertility along an ocean front, US Western Interior. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 332, 161–180.
Gale, A.S., Hancock, J.M., Kennedy, W.J., Petrizzo, M.R., Lees, J.A., Walaszczyk, I., Wray, D.S., 2008. Geochemistry, Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes, Nannofossils, Planktonic Foraminifera, Inoceramid Bivalves, Ammonites and Crinoids of the Waxahachie Dam Spillway Section, North Texas: A Possible Boundary Stratotype for the Base of the Campanian Stage. Cretaceous Research 29, 131-167.
Gardin, S., Monechi S., 1998. Palaeoecological change in middle to low latitude calcareous nannoplankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Bulletin Society of Geology France 169, 709–723.
Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Schmitz, M.D., Ogg, G.M., 2012. The geologic time scale. The Boulevard, Langford lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 2, pp. 437-1144.
Gvirtzman, G., Almogi-Labin, A., Moshkovitz, S., Lewy, Z., 1989. Upper Cretaceous high-resolution multiple stratigraphy, northern margin of the Arabian platform, central Israel. Cretaceous Research 10, 107-135.
Hadavi, F., Shokri, N., 2009. Nannostratigraphy of Gurpi Formation in South of Ilam (Kaaver section). Journal of Sedimentary Facies 2, 217-225 (in Persian).

Hampton, M.J., Bailey, H.W., Gallagher, L.T., Mortimore, R.N., Wood, C.J., 2007. The biostratigraphy of Seaford Head, Sussex, southern England; an international reference section for the basal boundaries for the Santonian and Campanian Stages in chalk facies. Cretaceous Research 28, 46-60.

Hardas, P., Mutterlose, J., 2007. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in the equatorial Atlantic: Evidence of an eutrophication event. Marine Micropaleontology 66, 52–69.
Henriksson, A.S., Malmgren, B.A., 1997. Biogeographic and Ecologic Patterns in calcareous nannoplankton in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the Terminal Cretaceous. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 33, 17–40.
Herrle, J.O., 2003. Reconstructing nutricline dynamics of mid Cretaceous oceans: evidence from calcareous nannofossils from the Niveau Paquier black shale (SE France). Marine Micropaleontology 47, 307–321.
Herrle, J.O., Pross, J., Friedrich, O., Hemleben, C., 2003b. Short-Term environmental changes in the Cretaceous Tethyan ocean: micropalaeontological evidence from the Early Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b. Terra Nova 15, 14–19.
 Herrle, J.O., Pross, J., Friedrich, O., Kössler, P., Hemleben, C., 2003a. Forcing mechanisms for mid-Cretaceous black shale formation: evidence from the Upper Aptian and Lower Albian of the Vocontian Basin (SE France). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 190, 399–426.
Hill, M.E., 1975. Selective dissolution of mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) calcareous nannofossils. Micropaleontology 21, 227–235.
Honjo, S., 1976. Coccoliths production, transportation and sedimentation. Marine Micropaleontology 1, 65–79.
Huber, B.T., Watkins, D.K., 1992. Biogeography of Campanian–Maastrichtian calcareous plankton in the region of the Southern Ocean: Paleogeographic and Paleoclimatic implications. In: Kennett. J.P., Warnke. D.A. (Eds.), The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A Perspective on Global Change. American Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series 56, Washington, pp. 31–60.
Lees, J.A., 2002. Calcareous nannofossils biogeography illustrates palaeoclimate change in the Late Cretaceous Indian Ocean. Cretaceous Research 23, 537–634.
Linnert, C., Robinson, S.A., Lees, J.A., Bown, P.R., Perez-Rodríguez, I., Petrizzo, M.R., Falzoni, F., Littler, K., Arz, J.A., Russell, E.E., 2014. Evidence for global cooling in the Late Cretaceous. Nature Communications 5, 1-7.
Linnert, C.h., Mutterlose, J., Jens, O., Herrle, J.O., 2011. Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) calcareous nannofossils from Goban Spur (DSDP Sites 549, 551): Implications for the palaeoceanography of the proto North Atlantic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 299, 507-528.
Lübke, N., Mutterlose, J., 2016. The impact of OAE 1a on marine biota deciphered by size
variations of coccoliths. Cretaceous Research 61, 169–179.
Lübke, N., Mutterlose, J., Bottini, C., 2015. Size variations of coccoliths in Cretaceous oceans — a result of preservation, genetics and ecology. Marine Micropaleontology 117, 25–39.
Mandur, M.M., El-Ashwah, A., 2015. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Maastrichtian in the western coast of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Arabian Journal of Geoscience 8, 2537–2550.
Martini, E., 1970. Late Maastrichtian nannoplankton Provinces. Natute 225, 1242–1243.
Melinte, M., Mutterlose, J., 2001. A Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) ‘boreal nannoplankton excursion’ in sections from Romania. Marine Micropaleontology 43, 1–25.
Möllera, C., Bornemannb, A., Mutterlosea, J., 2020. Climate and paleoceanography controlled size variations of calcareous nannofossils during the Valanginian Weissert Event (Early Cretaceous). Marine Micropaleotology 157, 1-13.
Monechi, S., Therstein, H.R., 1985. Late Cretaceous-Eocene nannofossil and magnetostratigraphic correlations near Gubbio, Italy. Marine Micropaleontology 9, 419-440.
Moshkovitz, S., 1984. Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Mount Scopus Group. Israel Geological Survey Current Research 1983-1984, 46-48.
Mutterlose, J., 1991. Das Verteilungs-und Migrationsmuster des kalkigen Nannoplanktons in der borealen Unterkreide (Valangin-Apt) NW Deutschlands. Palaeontographica B221, 27–152.
Mutterlose, J., Bottini, C., 2013. Early Cretaceous chalks from the North Sea giving evidence for global change. Nature Communications 4, 1686.
 Mutterlose, J., Kessels. K., 2000. Early Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from high latitudes: implications for palaeobiogeography and palaeoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 160, 347–372.
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1979. Calcareous nannofossils from the Cretaceous between the North Sea and the Mediterranean. In: Aspekte der Kreide Europas, IUGS Series A 6, 223-272.
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1983. Recognition of Cretaceous stage boundaries by mean of calcareous nannofossils. In: Birkelund, T. al. (eds.) Symposium Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Copenhagen (Abstracts): 152–156.
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985. Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils. In: Bolli, H.M. Saunders J.B. and Perch-Nielsen. K. (Eds.), Planktonic Stratigraphy, Planktonic Foraminifera, Calcareous Nannofossils and Calpionellids 1, 427–554.
 Perch-Nielsen, K., McKenzie, J., He, Q., 1982. Biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy and the, catastrophic, extinction of calcareous nannoplankton at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Geological Society of American (GSA), Special Publication 190, 353–371.
Romein, A.J.T., 1979. Lineages in Early Paleocene Calcareous Nannoplankton. Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletins 22, 18-22.
Roth, P.H., 1978. Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Initial Reports of the DSDP 44, 731- 759.
Roth, P.H., Bowdler, J.L., 1981. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean. In: Warme. J.E., Douglas, R.G., Winterer. E.L. (Eds.), The Deep Sea Drilling Project: A Decade of Progress. Special Publication, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists 32, 517–546.
Roth, P.H., Krumbach, K.R., 1986. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biogeography and preservation in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans: implications for paleoceanography. Marine Micropaleontology 10, 235–266.
Sadeghi, A., Darabi, G., 2015. Biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation in Zagros Basin, Iran. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches University of Isfahan 31 (60), 19-36 (in Persian).
Senemari, S., Bakhshandeh, L., 2013. The distribution of calcareous nannofossils in the Late Santonian–Late Maastrichtian deposits in the southwest of Iran (Khuzestan Province). Arabian Journal of Geoscience 6, 841– 845.
Shafik, S., 1990. Late Cretaceous nannofossil biostratigraphy and biogeography of the Australian western margin. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Report 295, 1–164.
Shahriyari, S., Kani, A., Amiribakhtiar, H., 2017. Biostratigraphy of Gurpi Formation in Samand anticline (Lurestan province) Based on calcareous nannofossils. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology Researches 33 )68(, 37-60 (in Persian).
Sina, M.A., Aghanabati, A., Kani, A.L., Bahadori, A.R., 2011. Biostratigraphy study of Gurpi Formation in Poldokhtar Section (KuhSoltan anticline) based on calcareous nannofossils. Scientific Quarterly Journal: Geoscience, 20(79), 183- 188.
Sissingh, W., 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie En Mijnbouw 56, 37–65.
Sissingh, W., 1978. Microfossil biostratigraphy and stage stratotypes of the Cretaceous. Geologie En Mijnbouw 57, 433–440.
Steinmetz, J.C., 1994. Stable isotopes in modern coccolithophores. In: Winter A. and Siesser W.G. (eds.) Coccolithophores, pp. 219–229. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Stott, L.D., Kennett, J.P., 1990. The paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic signature of the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in the Antarctic: stable isotopic results from ODP Leg 113. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program Sci. Results 113, 829–848.
Suchéras-Marx, B., Giraud, F., Mattioli, E., Gally, Y., Barbarin, N., Beaufort, L., 2014. Middle Jurassic coccolith fluxes: a novel approach by automated quantification. Marine Micropaleontology 111, 15–25.
Tantawy, A.A.A.M., 2002. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Cretaceous–Tertiary transition in the central eastern desert of Egypt. Marine Micropaleontology 47, 323–356.
Tappan, H., 1980. The Paleobiology of Plant Protists. W.H. Freeman, New York.
 Thibault, N., Gardin, S., 2006. Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoecology in the Equatorial Atlantic (Demerara Rise, ODP Leg 207 Hole 1258A). Rev de micropalé 49, 199–214.
 Thibault, N., Gardin, S., 2007. The Late Maastrichtian nannofossil record of climate change in the South Atlantic DSDP Hole 525A. Marine Micropaleontology 65, 163–184.
Thibault, N., Gardin, S., 2010. The calcareous nannofossil response to the End-Cretaceous warm event in the Tropical Pacific. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 291, 239–252.
Thierstein, H.R., 1976. Mesozoic calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy of marine sediments. Marine Micropaleontology 1, 325–362.
Thierstein. H.R., 1981. Late Cretaceous nannoplankton and the change at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. In: Warme J.E. Douglas R.G. and Winterer E.L. (eds.) The Deep Sea Drilling Project: A Decade of Progress 32, 355–394. SEPM Special Publicatoin, Tulsa.
Valentine, P.C., 1980. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, paleoenvironments, and post Jurassic continental margin development, in Scholle, P.A. ed., Geological studies of the COST No. B-3 well, United States, Mid-Atlantic Coninental Slope area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 833, 67-84.
Verbeek, J.W., 1989. Recent calcareous nannoplankton in the southernmost Atlantic. Polarforschung 59, 45–60.
Voigt, S., Gale, A., Jung, C., Jenkyns, H., 2012. Global correlation of Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian successions using carbon isotope startigraphy: Development of a new Maastrichtian timescale. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 45, 25-53.
Wagreich, M., 2016. Palaeoenvironmental changes in the northwesren Tethys during the Late Campanian Radotruncana calcata Zone: Implications from stable isotopes and geochemistry. Chemical Geology 420, 280-296.
Wagreich, M., Summesberger, H., Kroh, A., 2010. Late Santonian bioevents in the Schattau section, Gosau Group of Austria e Implications for the Santonian-Campanian boundary stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 31, 181-191.
Watkins, D.K., 1989. Nannoplankton productivity fluctuations and rhythmically-bedded pelagic carbonates of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous). Palaeogeogrphy, Palaeoclimatoloy, Palaeoecology 74, 75– 86.
Watkins, D.K., Cooper, M.J., Wilson, P.A., 2005. Calcareous nannoplankton response to the Late Albian oceanic anoxic event 1d in the western North Atlantic. Paleoceanography 20, 1–14.
Watkins, D.K., Self-Trail, J.M., 2005. Calcareous nannofossil evidence for the existence of the Gulf Stream during the late Maastrichtian. Paleoceanography 20, doi: 10.1029/2004PA001121.
Watkins, D.K., Wise, J.r., S.W., Pospichal, J.J., Crux, J., 1996. Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the Southern Ocean. In: Moguilevsky, A., Whatley, R. (Eds.), Microfossils and oceanic environments. University of Wales, Aberystwyth Press: 355–381.
Westbroek, P., De Jong, E.W., Van Der Wal, P., Borman, A.H., De Vrind, J.P.M., Kok, D., De Bruijn, W.C., Parker, S.B., 1984. Mechanism of calcification in the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi. In: Miller, A., Phillips, D., Williams, R.J.P. (eds) Mineral Phase in Biology. Royal Society, London, pp. 25–34.
Williams, J.R., Bralower, T.J., 1995. Nannofossil assemblages, fine-fraction stable isotopes, and the paleoceanography of the Valanginian–Barremian (Early Cretaceous) North Sea Basin. Paleoceanography 10, 815–839.
Wind, F.H., 1979. Maastrichtian-Campanian nannofloral provinces of the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In: Talwani M. Hay W. and Ryan W.B.F. (Eds.), Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Continental Margins and Paleoenvironment. American Geophysical Union, Washington, pp. 123–137.
Winter, A., Siesser, W.G. (Eds), 1994. Coccolithophores. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Worsely, T., Winter, A., 1985. Distribution of living coccolithophores in the California Current System, southern California Borderland. Marine Micropalaeontology 9, 385–393.
Wynd, A.G., 1965. Biofacies of the Iranian oil consortium agreement area, I. O. O. C., Report No. 1082.
Young, J.R., 1990. Size variation of Neogene Reticulofenestra coccoliths from Indian Ocean DSDP Cores. Micropaleontology 9, 71–86.
Young, J.R., Ziveri P., 2000. Calculation of coccolith volume and its use in calibration of carbonate flux estimates. Deep-Sea Research II 47, 1679–1700.