زمین شناسی کاربردی پیشرفته

زمین شناسی کاربردی پیشرفته

پتروژنز و خاستگاه سنگ های آتشفشانی ائوسن منطقه خرده قشلاق، شمال مشکین شهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه زمین‌شناسی کاربردی، پژوهشکده علوم زمین، سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در منطقه خرده قشلاق، شمال مشکین شهر واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، سنگ‌های آتشفشانی بازیک-حدواسط تا تحت اشباع ائوسن رخنمون دارند. در صحرا، این سنگ‌ها شامل برش‌های اپی کلاستیک، هیالوکلاستیک، گدازه‌های پورفیریک و مگاپورفیریک، گدازه‌های بالشی و طنابی و نهشته‌های ایگنمبریتی هستند. این سنگ‌ها ترکیب پیکروبازالت، بازالت، بازانیت، تراکی آندزیت، تراکیت، تفریت و فنولیت دارند. در انواع بازیک، فنوکریست‌های اولیوین و اوژیت فراوان و در گدازه‌های تحت اشباع آنالسیم فنوکریست غالب است. در خمیره گدازه‌های تحت اشباع، علاوه بر بلورهای ریز مشابه با فنوکریست‌ها، بلورهای ریز هائوئین و نوزآن نیز دیده شدند. بررسی‌های پتروگرافی نشان می‌دهند که تبلور و جدایش کانی‌های الیوین ±کلینوپیروکسن± هورنبلند± پلاژیوکلاز± مگنتیت± آپاتیت دارای اهمیت قابل توجه بوده است. نمودارهای هارکر از اکسیدهای اصلی و عناصر فرعی در مقابل SiO2، نشانگر تبلور تفریقی (FC) بوده و در عین حال آغشتگی با مولفه‌های پوسته‌ای (AFC) را نیز نشان می‌دهند. بیشتر سنگ‌های آتشفشانی مورد مطالعه روند ماگمایی پتاسیم بالا را دارند. در الگوهای عناصر نادر خاکی و نمودارهای عنکبوتی، LREE/HREE دارای نسبت بالایی هستند که نشان از تاثیر سیالات بر خاستگاه گوشته‌ای را دارد. در نمودارهای تکتونوماگمایی، این سنگ‌ها در محدوده کمان قاره‌ای برخوردی و دور از لبه فرورانش ترسیم شده‌اند. در نمودار دوتایی نسبت Nb/La در مقابل La/Yb، بیشتر گدازه‌های آتشفشانی مورد مطالعه در قلمروی منشاء لیتوسفری و سپس لیتوسفری-آستنوسفری چیدمان شده‌اند. مطالعات پتروژنز و خاستگاه توالی آتشفشانی خرده قشلاق نشان می‌دهد که این منطقه مستعد تشکیل سامانه‌های اپی‌ترمال طلا–نقره، پورفیری مس–مولیبدن و غنی‌شدگی عناصر نادر در سنگ‌های تحول‌یافته بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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