Hydrogeochemical behavior and health risk assessment of fluoride in dependencies of Ahar Town, East Azarbayjan

Author

Agricultural and Natural Research Center, East Azarbayjan, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Water quality was reported a public health issue as cases of fluorosis among Ahar town residents in east Azarbayjan. In this paper, some geochemical parameters were investigated that control fluoride concentration in the water resources with risk assessment for the residents. For this purpose, 21 water samples from water resources in north and eastern north parts of Ahar town villages were sampled and some parameters and ions of the water samples were measured in lab. The highest concentrations of this ion were seen in the central region with average of 2.8 mg/L. With considering F – concentration of 1 mg/L as the best concentration, the water samples were classified in two groups including the high and low F – concentrations. Piper diagram showed the most water samples had high Na + and HCO3 – concentrations. The lithological investigations showed source of high concentrations F – is flouroapatite igneous rocks containing biotite, hornblende, and apatite minerals. Relationships between F – concentration and pH, total soluble solids, electrical conductivity, and basic ions of the water samples were investigated in this study. Results of the health risk of F – showed for higher than 1 mg/L concentration regions, for all ages daily exposure dose was higher than health limit daily exposure dose. In less than 1 mg/L concentration regions, only for infants daily exposure dose was higher than its health limit.

Keywords

References

Apambire, W.B., 1997. Geochemistry genesis, and health implications of fluoriferous groundwater in the upper regions of Ghana. Environmenta Geology 33, 13–24.
Brindha, K., Jagadeshan, G., Kalpana, L., Elango, L., 2016. Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: managed aquifer recharge for mitigation. Environmental Science Pollution Research 23, 8302-8316.
Carrillo-Rivera, J.J., Cardona, A., Edmunds, W.M., 2002. Use of abstraction regime and knowledge of hydrogeological conditions to control high-fluoride concentration in abstracted groundwater: San Luis Potosi basin. Mexico of Journal Hydrology 261, 24–47.
Chae, G.T., Yun, S.T., Mayer, B., Kim, K.H., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, J.S., Kim, K., Koh, Y.K., 2007. Fluorine geochemistry in bedrock groundwater of South Korea. The Science of the Total Environment 385, 272–283.
Dehbandi, R., Moore, F., Keshavarzi, B., 2018. Geochemical sources, hydrogeochemical behavior, and health risk assessment of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, central Iran. Chemosphere 193, 763-776.
Dhiman, S.D., Keshari, A.K., 2006. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of high-fluoride groundwaters: A case study from Mehsana District, Gujarat, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal 51, 1149–1162.
Geological Survey of Iran, 2008. Integrating data layers for geochemical exploriation in kalibar sheet (east azarbayjan), Consulting Engineers of Zarkoh.
Greenwood, N.N., Earnshaw, A., 2015. Chemistry of the elements, Pergamon Press.
Guo, Q.H., Wang, Y.X., Ma, T., Ma, R., 2007. Geochemical processes controlling the elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwaters of the Taiyuan Basin, Northern China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 1–12.
Gupta, A.K., Ayoob, S., 2016. Fluoride in drinking water: Status, Issues, and Solutions, CRC Press.
Kim, S.H., Kim, K., Ko, K.S., Kim, Y., Lee, K.S., 2012. Co-contamination of arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater of unconsolidated aquifers under reducing environments. Chemosphere 87, 851–856.
Kundu, N., Panigrahi, M.K., Tripathy, S., Munshi, S., Powell, M.A., Hart, B.R., 2001. Geochemical appraisal of fluoride contamination of groundwater in the Nayagarh District of Orissa, Indian. Environmental Geology 41, 451–460.
Ekstrand, J., 1978. Relationship between fluoride in the drinking water and the plasma fluoride concentration in man. Caries Research 12, 123-127.
Fijani, E., Asghari Moghaddam, A., Jahangiri, A., 2007. Investigation of hydrogeology and  hydrogeochemistry of basalticalluvial aquifers in Bazargan and Poldasht plains, M.S. Thesis, University of Tabriz, Iran.
Frengstad, B.R, Banks, D., Siewers, U., 2001. The chemistry of Norwegian groundwaters: IV. The pH-dependence of element concentrations in crystalline bedrock groundwaters. Science Total Environment 277, 101–117.
Frencken, J.E., 1992. Endemic Fluorosis in Developing Countries: Causes, Effects and Possible Solutions. TNO Institute for Preventive Health Care.
Gupta, U.C., Gupta, S.C., 2014. Sources and Deficiency Diseases of Mineral Nutrients in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review. Pedosphere 24(1), 13–38.
Hamzaoui-Azaza, F., Bouhlila, R., Gueddari, M., 2009. Geochemistry of fluoride and major ion in the groundwater samples of Triassic aquifer (South Eastern Tunisia), through multivariate and hydrochemical techniques. Journal of Applied Science Research 5, 1941–1951.
Klute, A., Nielson, D.R., Jackson, R.D., 1986. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Agronomy Monog 9, SA, Madison, WI.
Selinus, O., Finkelman, R.B., Centeno, J.A., 2014. Medical Geology A Regional Synthesis, Springer      Science.
Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J., 1999. User's Guide to PHREEQC (Version 2) A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. Water-Resources Investigations Report, 99–4259.
Qinghai, G., 2007. Geochemical processes controlling the elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwaters of the Taiyuan Basin, Northern China.  Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 1–12.
Ramamohana Rao, N.V., Rao, N., Prakash Surya Rao, K., Schuiling, R.D., 1993. Fluorine distribution in waters of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh. Indian Environmental Geology 21, 84–89.
Salmasi, R., Pyrowan, H.R., kalantary, A., Niroomand, L., 2017. Study of Resources of Water Flouride Pollution in Aharchai Watershed, Case Study: Galandar Village (Ahar Town), Final Report of Research Project, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center.
Saxena, V.K., Ahmed, S., 2003. Inferring the chemical parameters for the dissolution of fluoride in groundwater. Environmental Geology 43, 731–736.
Sreedevi, P.D., 2006. Association of hydrological factors in temporal variations of fluoride concentration in a crystalline aquifer in India.  Environmental Geology 50, 1–11.
Strawn, D.G., Bohn, H., O’ conner, G.A., 2015. Soil chemistry, 4th edition, Wiley Blackwell, UK.
Tikhomirov, V.V., 2016. Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances, Wiley Blackwell, UK.
UNICEF, 1999. Fluoride in water: An overview by J. Qian and A.K. Susheela.Water Front: A UNICEF Publication on Water Environment Sanitation and Hygiene. United Nations Childrens Fund, Geneva, pp.11–13.
Whitford, G.M., 1989. The metabolism and toxicity of fluoride. Monograph Oral Science 13, 1-160.
WHO, 2011. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th ed. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland, p.564.
WHO, 2006. Fluoride in Drinking Water by J. Fawell, K. Bailey, J. Chilton, E. Dahi, L. Fewtrell, Y. Magara, Published by WA Publishing, London, UK, p.134.
Yamin, D., Nordstrom, D.K., McCleskey, R.B., 2011. Fluoride geochemistry of thermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I, aqueous fluoride speciation. Geochemistry Cosmochemistry Acta 75, 4476–4489.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 11, Issue 1
May 2021
Pages 169-182

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics