Advanced Applied Geology

Advanced Applied Geology

Geochemistry, fluid inclusions, and stable isotopes study in the north Varzaneh prospect: a high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization

Authors
1 Department of geology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan
2 Deparment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
3 Geology Department, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
The north Varzaneh prospect is located in the central part of the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The host rocks in this area consist of Eocene volcanic units that have undergone silicic, argillic, and propylitic alterations due to hydrothermal fluids. Geochemical and fluid inclusion studies indicate moderate salinity (7.31 to 15.76 wt% NaCl equivalent) and temperatures ranging from 160 to 511°C. Oxygen (δ18O) and sulfur (δ34S) isotopic studies confirm a mixed magmatic and meteoric fluid origin and highlight the role of boiling and fluid mixing processes in metal deposition. The main sulfide ore minerals in this deposit include pyrite, chalcopyrite, enargite, and sphalerite. These minerals, along with gold, silver, and base metals, have predominantly precipitated under low-temperature and hydrostatic pressure conditions along fractures and major structural features of the area. These characteristics indicate high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization, and the associated structural evidence confirms the crucial role of structural controls in ore formation and distribution.
Keywords
Subjects

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