Study of the relationship between fracture geometry and vein-style mineralization using paleostress analysis in the Garijgan shear zone, eastern Iran

Authors

1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

2 Department of geology, Faculty of science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

The Garijgan area is located 25 km south of Khousf in South Khorasan province, between two strike-slip faults, and is actually a small classic non-parallel shear zone. The eastern border of this zone is a dextral strike-slip fault with a reverse component with an average dip of 65 degrees towards the northeast, and its western border is a dextral strike-slip fault with a reverse component with an average dip of 71 degrees towards the southwest. The paleostress analysis in the study area shows that the first action of the stress regime occurred during the Eocene in the form of strike-slip with a maximum axis of σ1= 058.04, and the second stage of stress in the Quaternary period took place in the form of strike-slip and transpression with a maximum axis of σ1=003.05. Therefore, the axis of maximum stress (σ1) from Eocene to Quaternary has rotated about 55 degrees counter-clockwise. By examining satellite images and preparing the map of the distribution of fractures and drawing a rose diagram and a histogram of fractures, they can be placed in three categories in the direction of NW-SE, NE-SW and E-W. The faults of the first group are more abundant and they have mineralization, but the other two groups have no mineralization. The main faults of the shear zone (Y) and the conjugate faults that have a lower angle with respect to the shear zone (R, P) have provided suitable conduits for the rise of silica-rich mineralized hydrothermal fluids.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, H. Pekkan, E., 2021. Fault-Based Geological Lineaments Extraction Using Remote Sensing and GIS-A Review. Geosciences 11(5), 183-213. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050183.
Ahmadi Rouhani, R., 2011. Remote Sensing Report of Gonabad. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, North East Branch, p. 102.
Alavi, M., 1991. Sedimentary and Structural Characteristics of the Paleo-Tethys Remnants in Northeastern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin  103, 983- 992. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606.
Ansari Jafari, Sh., Rahimi, B., Ghaemi, F.,  Mazloumi Bajestani, A., 2015. Structural model based on fracture study in Zarmehr gold deposit. Advanced Applied Geology 15, 51- 58. https://doi.org/10.22055/aag.2015.11820.
Blenkinsop, T.G., Oliver, N.H.S., Dirks, P.G.H.M., Nugus, M., Tripp, G., Sanislav, I., 2020. Structural Geology Applied to the Evaluation of Hydrothermal Gold Deposits. In: Rowland, J.V., Rhys, D.A. (Eds.), Applied Structural Geology of Ore-Forming Hydrothermal Systems. Society of Economic Geologists 21, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5382/rev.21.01.
Chauvet, A., 2019. Structural Control of Ore Deposits: The Role of Pre-Existing Structures on the Formation of Mineralized Vein Systems. Minerals 56, 56-77. https://doi:10/3390/min9010056.
Fabricio-Silva, W., Rosière, C.A., Bühn, B., 2018. The shear zone-related gold mineralization at the Turmalina deposit, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: structural evolution and the two stages of mineralization. Mineralium Deposita 54, 347-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0811-7.
Fossen, H., 2016. Structural Geology. 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, P. 524.
Gholamzadeh, M., Rahimi, B., Ghaemim, F., Ahmadi Rouhani, R., 2015. Investigation of fault and fractures Akhlamad (north west Binalud) based on the satellite data processing and studying fractal characteristics of fracture systems. Tectonics 1(2), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.22077/jt.2015.286.
Gholizadeh, K., Rasaa, A., Yazdi, M., Bouni, M., 2021. Geological structures and their role in control of mineralization in Bahramtaj Lead and Zinc deposit, Yazd province, Central Iran. Researches in Earth Sciences 46, 206-225. https://doi.org/10.52547/esrj.12.2.206.
Haddad-Martim, P.M., John, E., Carranza, M., de Souza Filho, C.R., 2018. The Fractal Nature of Structural Controls on Ore Formation: The Case of the Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazilian Amazon. Economic Geology 113(7), 1499–1524. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.2018.4600.
Jentzer, M., Fournier, M., Agard, Ph., Omrani, J., Khatib, M.M., Whitechurch, H., 2017. Neogene to Present paleostress field in Eastern Iran (Sistan belt) and implications for regional geodynamics. Tectonics 36 (2), 287-303.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004275.
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R., Farmer, L., Saadat, S., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., 2011. Review of age, Rb-Sr geochemistry and petrogenesis of Jurassic to Quaternary igneous rocks in Lut Block. Eastern Iran. Geopersia 1 (1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.22059/jgeope.2011.22162.
Kavyani-Sadr, Kh., Rahimi, B., Khatib, M.M., Kim, Y-S., 2022. Assessment of open spaces related to Riedel-shears dip effect in brittle shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology 154, 104486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104486.
Khatib, M.M. and Zarrinkoub, M.H., 2012. Structural controls for vein type mineralization in east of Iran. 4th th symposium of Economic Geology, University of Birjand, Birjand.
Khatib, M.M., 1998. Terminal geometry of strike-slip faults with a special reference to the faults of eastern Iran. Ph.D thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.
Liu, L.M., Zhao, Y.L., Zhao, C., 2010. Coupled geodynamics in the formation of Cu skarn deposits in the Tongling-Anqing district, China: computational modelling and implications for exploration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 106, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.01.002.
Madondo, J., Canet, C., Nuñez-Useche, F., Gonzalez-Partida, E., 2021. Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the ‘Montaña de Manganeso’ district, San Luis Potosí, north-central Mexico. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Geologicas 38(3), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2021.3.1651.
Mohebi, A., Mirnejad, H., Lentz, D., Behzadi, M., Dolati, A., Kani, A., Taghizadeh, H., 2015. Controls on porphyry Cu mineralization around Hanza Mountain, south-east of Iran: An analysis of structural evolution from remote sensing, geophysical, geochemical and geological data. Ore Geology Reviews 69, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.02.016.
Passchier, C.W., Trouw, R.A.J., 2005. Microtectonics. 2nd edition, Springer, p. 366.
Qin, Y., Liu, L., 2018. Quantitative 3D Association of Geological Factors and Geophysical Fields with Mineralization and Its Significance for Ore Prediction: An Example from Anqing Orefield, China. Minerals 8, 300-322 . https://doi:10/3390/min.8070300.
Stevenson, C.T.E., O’Driscoll, B., Holohan, E.P., Couchmani, R., Reavy, R.J., Andrews, G.D.M., 2008. The structure, fabrics and AMS of the Slieve Gullion ring-complex, Northern Ireland: testing the ring-dyke emplacement model. In: Thomson, K., Petford, N., (Eds.), Structure and Emplacement of High-Level Magmatic Systems. Geological Society of London Special Publications 302, 159–184. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP302.12.
Sun, T., Xu, Y., Yu, X., Liu, W., Li, R., Hu, Z., Wang, Y., 2018. Structural Controls on Copper Mineralization in the Tongling Ore District, Eastern China: Evidence from Spatial Analysis. Minerals 8(6), 254-279. https://doi:10.3390/min8060254.
Tirrul, R., Bell, I.R., Griffis, R.J., Camp, V.E., 1983. The Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94, 134-150. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606.
Zhang, Y., Robinson, J. Schaubs, P.M., 2011. Numerical modelling of structural controls on fluid flow and mineralization. Geoscience Frontiers 2(3), 449-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.05.011.
Weinberg, R.F., Hodkiewicz, P.F., Groves, D.I., 2004. What controls gold distribution in Archean terranes? Geology 32, 545-548. https://doi.org/10.1130/G20475.1
Wilson, C.J.L., Osborne, D.J., Robinson, J.A., Miller, J.M., 2016. Structural Constraints and Localization of Gold Mineralization in Leather Jacket Lodes, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Economic Geology 111, 1073–1098. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.5.1073.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 13, Issue 3
October 2023
Pages 624-640

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics