Investigating the changes of allochems and calcareous nannofossils in Kazhdumi Formation: possible consequences of fault activity

Authors

1 Department of mining, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Standard Research Institute, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Construction and Mineral Department, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating environmental changes based on calcareous nannofossils. For this purpose, a section of the Kazhdumi Formation was sampled southwest of Yasouj. As a result of the study of 60 smear slides, 42 species belonging to 21 genera of calcareous nannofossils were identified from marine deposits. According to the recorded nannofossils, the age of Albian for Kazhdumi Formation in the studied section was determined. In addition, this study led to the establishment and differentiation of the following bio-zones: Prediscosphaera columnata Zone and Eiffelithus turriseiffelii Zone. Also, the evaluation of facies in the present study shows rapid sea-level changes. On the other hand, it seems that the activity of the Kazerun fault has caused changes in the sedimentary conditions and the creation of different facies during the Albian stage. Therefore, fossil data together with lithostratigraphic studies indicate sedimentary changes from a shallow carbonate system to deep marine sediments.

Keywords

References

Afghah, M., Keshavarzi, M., Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, M., 2014. Paleoecology of Kazhdumi formation in Rahmat Mountains. Proceeding of 32nd National and 1st International Geosciences Congress Fundamental st Geology, Iran Mashhad, 16-19 Feb, pp. 37–40.
Afghah, M., Fadaei, H.R., 2015. Biostratigraphy of Cenomanian succession in Zagros area (southwest Iran). Geo­sciences Journal 19(2), 257–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-014-0045-3
Berberian, M., 1995. Master Blind Thrust Faults Hidden under the Zagros Folds: Active Basement Tectonics and Surface Morphotectonics. Tectonophysics Journal 241, 193–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)00185-C
Bodin, S., Meissner, P., Janssen, N.M., Steuber, T., Mutterlose, J., 2015. Large igneous provinces and organic carbon burial: Controls on global temperature and continental weathering during the Early Cretaceous. Global and Planetary Change 133, 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.09.001
Bown, P.R., 1998. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series, Chapman and Hall (Kluwer Academic Publishers) 1–315.
Bown, P.R., Rutledge, D.C., Crux, J.A., Gallagher, L.T., 1998. Lower Cretaceous. In: Bown, P.R., (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publication Series. pp. 86-131.
Bown, P.R., Young, J.R., 1998. Techniques. In: Bown, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropaleontological Society Publications Series, Chapman and Hall (Kluwer Academic Publishers), London, pp.16–28.
Bornemann, A., Pross, J., Reichelt, K., Herrle, J.O., Hemleben, C., Mutterlose, J., 2005. Reconstruction of short term palaeoceanographic changes during the formation of the Late Albian – Niveau Breistroffer – black shales (Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, SE France). Journal of the Geological Society 162, 623–639. https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-171
Bottini, C., Erba, E., 2018. Mid-Cretaceous paleoenvironmental changes in the western Tethys. Climate of the Past­, 14, 1147–1163. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1147-2018
Bralower, T.J., Leckie, R.M., Sliter, W.V., Thierstein, H.R., 1995. An integrated Cretaceous microfossil biostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.P., Hardenbol, J., (Eds.). Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphic correlation. SEPM special publication 54, 65–79.
Burnett, J.A., 1998. Upper Cretaceous. In: Bown, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropaleontology Society Publications Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, pp.132–199.
Eghtesadi, T., Ghadimv, K.N., Taati, F., 2010. Facies Analysis, Depositional Environments and Diagenesis of the Sarvak Formation in Azadegan oil field. The 1st International Applied Geological Congress, Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Mashad Branch, Iran. pp. 2055–2062.
Ghavidel Syooki, M., 1979. Palynological environmental age determination of Dariyan Formation, NIOC, Exploration and Technology Division, Tehran.
Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., Agterberg, F.P., Bleeker, W., Cooper, R.A., Davydov, V., et al. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press. p. 589.
Gradstein, F.M, Ogg, J.G, Schmitz, M., Ogg, G., 2012. The Geologic Time Scale 2012, 1st edition. Elsevier, Boston. p. 1176.
Herrle, J.O., Mutterlose, J., 2003. Calcareous nannofossils from the Aptian–Lower Albian southeast France: paleoecological and biostratigraphic implication. Cretaceous Research 24, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00023-5
Herrle, J.O., Pross, J., Friedrich, O., Kössler, P., Hemleben, C., 2003. Forcing mechanisms for Mid-Cretaceous black shale formation: Evidence from the upper Aptian and lower Albian of the Vocontian Basin (SE France). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 190, 399–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00616-8
Homke, S., Serra-Kiel, J., Bernaola, G., Sharp, I., 2004. Late Cretaceous–Paleocene formation of the Proto–Zagros Foreland Basin, Lurestan Province, SW Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121(7), 963–978. https://doi.org/10.1130/B26035.1
James, G.A., Wynd, J.G., 1965. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area, American Association of Petroleum Geologists bulletin 49, 2182–2245. https://doi.org/10.1306/A663388A-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Kennedy, W.J., Gale, A.S., Lees, J.A, Caron, M., 2004.  The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Cenomanian Stage, Mont Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France. Episodes 27(1)­, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2004/v27i1/003
Keshavarzi, M., Afghah, M., Asadi, A., Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, M., 2020. Albian Biozonation and Facies Analysis of the west of Shiraz (Nour Abad area, Southwest Iran). Himalayan Geology 41, 105–114. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85081020937andpartnerID=MN8TOARS
Manivit, H., Perch-Nielsen, K.., Prins, B., Verbeek, J.W., 1977. Mid Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademievan Wetens chappen, B 80(3), 169–181.
Motiei, H., 1995. Petroleum Geology of Zagros. Geological Survey of Iran Publication­, Tehran. p. 589.
Mutterlose, J., Bornemann, A., Herrle, J.O., 2005. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils-state of the art. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 79, 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021757
Mutterlose, J., Bornemann, A., Herrle, J., 2009. The Aptian–Albian cold snap: Evidence for “mid” Cretaceous icehouse interludes. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 252, 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0252-0217
O’Brien, C.L., Robinson, S.A., Pancost, R.D., Damsté, J.S.S., Schouten, S., Lunt, D.J., et al. 2017. Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: Constraints from TEX86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Earth-Science Reviews 172, 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.012
Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi, M., 2009. Albian-Cenomanian Zonation (Foraminifers and Calcareous Algae) in the Northern Fars, Iran. American Journal of Applied Sciences 6(4)­, 709–714. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajas.2009.709.714
Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In: Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.­B., Perch- Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.329–427.
Roth, P.H., 1978. Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Initial Report Deep Sea Drilling Project 44, 731–59. https://doi.org/10.2973/DSDP.PROC.44.134.1978
Setudehnia, A., 1976. The Mesozoic Sequence in SW Iran and adjacent area. Journal of Petroleum Geology 1, 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1978.tb00599.x
Sherkati, S., Letouzey, J., 2004. Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21, 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.01.007
Sissingh, W., 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie en Mijnbouw 56 (1), 37–65.
Templeton, R.S., 1975. Kazhdumi shale and limestone alternations definition of Kazhdumi Formation. NIOC, Technical report No 289.
Thierstein, H.R., 1971. Tentative Lower Cretaceous nannoplankton zonation. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 64, 459–488.
Tiraboschi, D., Erba, E., Jenkyns, H.C., 2009. Origin of rhythmic Albian black shales (Piobbico core, central Italy) Calcareous nannofossil quantitative and statistical analysis and paleoceanographic reconstructions. Paleoceanography 24, PA2222. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001670
Tremolada, F., Erba, E., Bralower, T.J., 2006. Late Barremian to Early Aptian calcareous nannofossil paleoceanography and paleoecology from the Ocean Drilling Program Hole 641C (Galicia Margin). Cretaceous Research 87, 887–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.04.007
Villa, G., Fioroni, C., Pea, L., Bohaty, S.M., Persico, D., 2008. Middle Eocene–late Oligocene climate variability: Calcareous nannofossil response at Kerguelen Plateau, Site 748. Marine Micropaleontology 69, 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.07.006
Winter, A., Jordan, R.W., Roth, P.H.­, 1994. Biostratigraphy of living coccolithophorids in Ocean waters. In: Winter, A., Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores: Cambridge University Press, pp.161–178.
Wynd, J.G. 1965. Biofacies of the Iranian oil consortium agreement area, IOOC report no.108289.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 13, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 423-438

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics