زمین شیمی زیست محیطی و منشا فلزات سنگین و هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای (PAHs) در گرد و غبار خیابان شهرستان ماهشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زمین شناسی زیست محیطی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

4 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین منشا فلزات سنگین و هیدرو کربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای درگرد و غبار خیابان شهرستان ماهشهر می‌باشد. در این راستا تعداد 10 نمونه گرد و غبار خیابان، از مناطق با کاربری مختلف شامل (نواحی صنعتی، تجاری، آموزشی، پر ترافیک، بیمارستان، مسکونی و پارک) از سطح خیابان برداشته شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین (Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, V, Fe) توسط دستگاه ICP-OES و نیز غلظت هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای توسط دستگاه GC-MS تعیین شد. میانگین فاکتور غنی‌شدگی فلزاتPb, Zn, Cu, Fe در منطقه مورد مطالعه، غنی‌شدگی متوسط را نشان داد. محاسبه شاخص زمین انباشت نشان داد که عناصر Pb, Zn, Cu, Feدر محدوده غیر آلوده تا متوسط آلوده و عناصر Co, Sb Cr, Mn, Ni, Mo, V, در محدوده غیر آلوده قرار می‌گیرند. تحلیل‌های آماری همچون تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA)و تحلیل خوشه‌ای (CA)، برای تعیین منشأ طبیعی و انسان‌زاد آلاینده‌ها به کار رفت، نتایج این تحلیل‌ها، بیشتر منشا انسان‌زاد را برای فلزات سنگین و هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای نشان داد که بیشتر ناشی از ترافیک وسایل نقلیه و وجود صنایع پتروشیمی در منطقه می‌باشد. ترکیبات غالب PAH در همه نمونه‌های گرد و غبارخیابان PAH های با وزن مولکولی بالا (HMW) بودند. همچنین مشخص شد که PAH های گرد و غبار دارای منشأ پیروژنیک هستند. مجموع PAH های سرطان‌زا در همه نقاط نمونه برداری بالاتر از مجموع PAH های غیر سرطان‌زا بود. نسبت‌های (BaA/(BaA + Chr به IND/(IND+BghiP) نشان داد که منشا PAHهای موجود درنمونه‌ها، احتراق نفت و زغال‌سنگ و زیست‌توده می‌باشد.

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