ارزیابی و پهنه بندی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت مرند جهـت مصـارف شـرب، صنعت و کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم زمین، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشگاه تبریز، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، گروه علوم زمین، گرایش آبشناسی

4 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

دشت مرند یکی از دشت‌های حاصل‌خیز استان آذربایجان شرقی است که آبخوان موجود در آن تأمین کننده اصلی آب مورد نیاز بخش‌‌های کشاورزی، آشامیدنی و صنعت میباشد. بنابراین ارزیابی و حفاظت از کمیت و کیفیت این منابع آبی از اهمیت فوق العاده‌‌ای برخوردار است. هدف از این تحقیق پهنه‌بندی کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت مرند از نظر قابلیت آشامیدنی، کشاورزی و صنعت می باشد. بدین منظور، از تعداد 91 منبع آبی انتخابی در خرداد ماه سال 1398 نمونه‌برداری انجام گرفت. ویژگی‌‌های هیدروشیمیایی، غلظت یون‌‌های اصلی و فرعی همه نمونه‌ها و فلزات سنگین تعدادی از آنها توسط روشهای استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شد. به منظور تهیة نقشههای پهنه‌بندی کیفی مصارف آب، توزیع پارامترهای مؤثر در کیفیت هر نوع از کاربری با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و روش درونیابی زمین‌آماری با استفاده از روش کریجینگ برای سطح دشت انجام گرفت. پس از ایجاد لایه‌های رستری پارامترهای مؤثر، رده‌بندی و تلفیق آنها، نقشه‌های نهایی پهنه‌بندی کیفی تهیه گردید. کیفیت آب صنعتی بر اساس شاخص لانژلیه، آب کشاورزی بر اساس نمودار ویلکوکس و آب آشامیدنی بر اساس دیاگرام شولر ارزیابی گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی کیفی با اطلاعات زمین‌شناسی، کاربری اراضی و توزیع واحدهای صنعتی دشت صورت گرفت. آبهای زیرزمینی با کیفیت نامناسب بدلیل وجود سازندهای مارنی گچدار ائوسن در شمال دشت و سنگهای آواری غالباً از مارن، ماسه سنگ، کنگلومرا و میان لایه هایی از نمک و ژیپس میوسن به طور عمده در نواحی غرب و جنوب غربی دشت می باشد.

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