ارزیابی آلودگی و تعیین منشأ احتمالی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای (PAHs) در غبار خیابان کلان شهر کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین شناسی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه آموزشی زمین شناسی کاربردی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران-ایران

چکیده

هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چندحلقه ای (PAHs) گروه بزرگی از آلاینده های آلی هستند که از دو یا چند حلقه بنزنی تشکیل شده اند. این ترکیبات به دلیل خاصیت سرطانزایی و جهش زایی بالا در انسان توجه گسترده ای را به خود جلب کرده اند. در این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی آلودگی و تعیین منشأهای احتمالی این ترکیبات، 21 نمونه غبار از کاربری اراضی مختلف در سطح کلانشهر کرمانشاه برداشت شد. نمونه ها پس از آماده سازی با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی طیف سنج جرمی (GC-MS) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. همچنین به منظور شناسایی دقیق تر منابع آلاینده از نسبت های ایزومری متنوع استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد تمام 16 ترکیب PAH که از سوی آژانس حفاظت محیط زیست آمریکا (USEPA) به عنوان ترکیبات خطرناک سرطانزا معرفی شده اند در غبار خیابانی کلانشهر کرمانشاه وجود دارند. مقدار کل PAHها از 22.8 تا 2820.98 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک، با میانگین غلظت 1140.79 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم متفاوت است. علاوه براین محدوده TEQ در نمونه های غبار خیابانی کلانشهر کرمانشاه از 18.54 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم تا 196.64 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم است که تفاوت غلظت و سمیت این ترکیبات در نقاط مختلف شهر را نشان می دهد. همچنین نتایج نشان می دهد پتانسیل خطر سرطان زایی در بزرگسالان و کودکان از مسیر تماس پوستی بیشتر از بلع مستقیم و تنفس است. به طور کلی با توجه به نسبتهای ایزومری و تحلیل مولفه اصلی، احتراق سوخت های فسیلی و محصولات نفتی و انتشار از وسایل نقلیه و ترافیک مهمترین منبع PAHs در کلانشهر کرمانشاه است.

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