کانی‌‏شناسی، زمین‌شیمی و منشاء نهشته بوکسیت قارخوتلو، جنوب ‌باختر زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان

2 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

نهشته بوکسیت قارخوتلو به شکل یک افق چینه‌سان با مرزهای فرسایشی بر روی گدازه‌های تراکی آندزی‌بازالتی بین سازندهای روته و شمشک تشکیل شده است. این نهشته دارای تناوب لایه‌ای بوده و از پایین به بالا به سه بخش بوکسیت پیزوئیدی قرمز- قهوه‌ای تحتانی، بوکسیت قرمز میانی و بوکسیت زرد آجری بالایی قابل تفکیک است. هماتیت، گوتیت، بوهمیت، دیاسپور، کائولینیت و پیروفیلیت کانی‌های اصلی موجود در بوکسیت قارخوتلو هستند که با مسکوویت- ایلیت، آناتاز، روتیل و کلریت همراهی می‌شوند. بافت‏های پان‏ایدیومورفیک، میکروگرانولار، پلیتومورفیک، پیزوئیدی و اووئیدی، از مهم‌ترین بافت‌های موجود در نهشته بوکسیت قارخوتلو هستند. این بافت‌ها بیانگر تشکیل برجای مواد بوکسیتی از سنگ منشاء خود است. با این وجود، حضور قطعات پلوئیدی و آواری و ساخت‌های جریانی و بِرشی نشان‌دهنده حمل و جابه‌جایی کوتاه مواد بوکسیتی از محیط اولیه تشکیل و ته‌نشست مجدد در محیط‌های رسوبی کارستی و یا سطوح فرسایشی می‌باشد. فرایند آهن‏شویی از مهم‌ترین فرایندهای اپی‏ژنتیک در نهشته بوکسیت قارخوتلو است. براساس مطالعات زمین‌شیمیایی، نهشته بوکسیت قارخوتلو از نوع بوکسیت و رس بوکسیتی بوده و دارای سنگ منشاء تراکی آندزی‌بازالتی می‌باشد. نمونه‌های بوکسیتی و گدازه تراکی آندزی‌بازالتی دارای الگوهای مشابه و پرشیب عناصر کمیاب خاکی با نسبت بالای عناصر کمیاب خاکی سبک به عناصر کمیاب خاکی سنگین (62/8LREE/HREE=) هستند. این الگو با تفکیک این عناصر طی فرایند بوکسیت‌زایی هم‌خوان بوده و بیانگر ارتباط ژنتیکی افق بوکسیتی با گدازه‌های تراکی آندزی‌بازالتی است. نهشته قارخوتلو بیشترین شباهت را با نهشته‌های بوکسیت کارستی (زیرتیپ مدیترانه‌ای) دارد.

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