Using the relation of mother rock in determining the physical and chemical properties of soils (case study: Several basin in Qazvin Province)

Authors

1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Soil Science, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract


Pedology studies constitute a foundation for any project in the scope of natural resources. The geological method is a common approach to performing soil studies in the field of natural resources. The present research is aimed at investigating the capabilities of the geological method for pedology studies, so that the soil properties can be predicted at lower cost but with acceptable accuracy. This study was performed on four watersheds in Qazvin Province, Iran. These included Jovink, Medan, Niarak, and Palangeh watersheds, which exhibited good geological diversity. Firstly, the geological working units were mapped by photogeological investigations, field surveys, and geographic information system (GIS) to end up with a 1:20,000 map. Subsequently, a total of 36 profiles were drilled in the units to measure the values of EC, pH, and contents of organic matter, gravel, silt, and clay. The results were subjected to statistical tests using SPSS software at a significance level of 5%. Moreover, the properties of the source rock were evaluated to analyze the effects of the physical and chemical properties of the soil on the soil erosion. The results revealed that the profiles that were drilled into various geological working units were significantly different in terms of most of the factors (except for EC and organic matter content), suggesting the necessity of classification of the study area based on lithology as a requirement for pedology studies.

Keywords

References

Araujo, M.A., Zinn, Y.L., Lal, R., 2017. Soil parent material, texture and oxide contents have little effect on soil organic carbon retention in tropical highlands. Geoderma 300, 1–10.
Barré, P.H., Durand, C, Chenu, P., Meunier, D., Montagne, G., Castel, D., Billiou, L., Soucémarianadin, L., Cécillon, 2017. Geological control of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks at the landscape scale. Geoderma 285, 50–56.
Bayat Farpour, A., Hadi, M., Jafari, A., 2016. Physicochemical Properties, Micromorphology and Clay Mineralogy of Soils Affected by Geological Formations, Geomorphology and Climate. Journal of Soil and Water 30(5), 1515-1530 (in Persian).
Bui, E.N., Henderson, B.L., Viergever, K., 2006. Knowledge discovery from models of soil properties developed through data mining. Ecollogical Modelling 191, 431–436 (in Persian).
Ciolkosz, E.J. and et al. 1989. Distribution and genesis of soil of the northeastern united state. Geomorphology 2, 285-302 (in Persian).
Egli, M., Merkli, Ch., Sartori, G., Mirabella, A., Plotze, M., 2008. Weathering, mineralogical evolution and soil organic matter along a Holocene soil toposequence developed on carbonate-rich materials. Geomorphology, 97, 675-696.
Farzamnia, P., Manafi, Sh., Momtaz, H.R., 2016. Evolution of the Physicochemical Properties Soils Formed on Quaternary Sediments in some Parts of Urmia Plain. Collection of Articles of the National Congress on Soil and Sustainable Agriculture. Malayer University 5(1) (in Persian).
Feiz Nia S., Musavian M., Abdolahian Dehkordi Z., Ebrahimi Dorcheh Kh. 2016. Investigating Geology Impact upon Flood Occurrence (Case Study: Joneghan Watershed Basin, Shahr-E-Kord). Journal of Range and Watershed Management 69 (4), 1017-1029 (in Persian).
Feiz Nia, S., Jafari, M., 2002. Investigating Pedology of Taleghan by Using Geological Method. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 55(3) (in Persian).
Gray, J.M., Bishop, T.F.A., Wilford, J.R., 2016. Lithology and soil relationships for soil modelling and mapping.– Catena 147, 429–440.
Greve, M.H., Bou Kheir, R., Greve, M.B., Bøcher, P.K., 2012. Quantifying the ability of environmental parameters to predict soil texture fractions using regression-tree model with GIS and LIDAR data: the case study of Denmark. Ecological Indicators18, 1–10.
Gruba, P., Socha, J., 2016. Effect of parent material on soil acidity and carbon content in soils under silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in Poland. Catena 140, 90–95.
Haghian I., Rokhfirouz, G., Ghorbani, J., 2008. Comparing the Geological Formations with regard to Soil Properties and Vegetation (Case Study: Deraseleh Region of Savad Kooh). The 4th Conference of Geology & the Environment (in Persian).
Heckman, K., Rasmussen, C., 2011. Lithologic controls on regolith weathering and mass flux in forested ecosystems of the southwestern USA. Geoderma 164, 99-111.
Hengl, T., de Jesus, J.M., MacMillan, R.A., Batjes, N.H., Heuvelink., 2014. SoilGrids1km - global soil information  based on automated mapping. PloS One 9(8), 105992.
Irmak, S., Surucu, A.K., Aydogdu, I.H., 2007. Effects of different parent material characteristics of soils in the arid region of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, 528-536.
Jafari, M.F., Sarmadian, F., Moeini, A., Feyzpanah, S., Salajeghi, A., 2005. A Comparison of Geology and Geomorphology Methods for Soil Science Studies in Natural Resources. Tehran Journal of Natural Resources 58(1) (in Persian).
Javadi, H., Sokouti Oskoeiorcid, R., Pazira, E., 2019. The relationship between geological formation and landform with soil formation, Case study of southern part of Orumieh Plain. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 9(1) (in Persian).
Jenny, H., 1994. Factors of Soil Formation. Dover, New York. p. 281.
Kassai, P., Sisák, I., 2018. Role of geology in the spatial prediction of soil properties in the watershed of Lake Balaton, Hungary. Journal of the Croatian Geological Survey and the Croatian Geological Society 71/1, 29–39 (in Persian).
Moraetis, D., Lydakis-Simantiris, N., Pentari, D., Manoutsoglou, E., Apostolaki, Ch., Perdikatsis, V., 2016. Chemical and Physical Characteristics in Uncultivated Soils with Different Lithology in Semiarid Mediterranean Clima. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 3590548.
Owliaie, H.R., Abtahi A., Heck, R.J. 2006. Pedogenesis and clay mineralogical investigation of soils formed on gypsiferous and calcareous materials on transect, southwestern Iran. Geoderma 134, 62-81(in Persian).
Rodríguez-Lado, L., Lado, M., 2016. Relation between soil forming factors and scaling properties of particle size distributions derived from multifractal analysis in top soils from Galicia (NW Spain). Geoderma 287, 147-156.
Santos, A., Barros Dos, J.C., Perab, L., Júniora, E., Severino De Souza, V., Oliveiraa, Cybelle Souza De, Juilleretc, Jérôme, Corrêad, Metri, M., Azevedo, Carlos De, A.,  2018. Porosity and genesis of clay in gneiss saprolites: The relevance of saprolithology to whole regolith pedology. Geoderma 1-13.
Soltani Sisi, G., 2005. Geological map of Iran, 1:100000 series, sheet No, 5065. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran (in Persian).
Thomas, A.L., Dambrinc, E., King, D., Party, J.P., Probst, A., 1999. A spatial study of the relationships between stream water acidity and geology, soils and relief. Journal of Hydrogeology 217, 35-45.
Xiong, X., Grunwald, S., Myers, D.B., Kim, J., Harris W.G., Comerford, N.B., 2014. Holistic environmental soil-landscape modeling of soil organic carbon. Environmental Modelling & Software 57, 202–215.
Yallon, D.H., Wieder, M., 1976. Pedogenic Playgorskite in some arid brown soils of Israel. Clay Minerals 11, 73-80.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 12, Issue 2
July 2022
Pages 351-364

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics