Investigation of the effect of sodium chloride salt on the geotechnical properties of loess soil

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran

2 Department of Geology, Lorestan University, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Shams Higher Education Institute, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran Iran

4 Department of Civil Engineering, Pouyandegan Danesh Higher Education Institute, Chaloos, Iran

Abstract

Soil is one of the essential building materials, and the primary support of structures has long been a human interest. However, due to weakness in shear strength and lack of resistance to tensile forces, researchers have consistently sought to increase its bearing capacity, strength, and improve its properties and various methods including mechanical modification such as compaction, chemical modification such as treatment with lime, cement or salt. The purpose of this study is investigation of the effect of sodium chloride salt on the geotechnical properties of loess soil. Loess soil was sampled from a Golestan province region and transferred to the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Shams University of Gonbad-e-Kavos. Sodium chloride salt was added to soil sample with content of 3, 6 and 9% by weight of soil. Soil samples were prepared in normal condition (without additives) and with different content of sodium chloride for geotechnical properties tests. The results show that the addition of sodium chloride salt reduces the plastic and liquid limits in the Atterberg limits test, increases the dry weight unit weight and decreases the optimum moisture in the compaction test, increases the strength in the unconfined compressive strength test and increases the cohesive and friction angle in the direct shear test.

Keywords


Ahmed, K.I., 2013. Effect of gypsum on the hydro-mechanical characteristics of partially saturated sandy soil. PhD. Thesis, Cardiff University.
Ajalloeian, R., Mansouri, H., Sadeghpour, A.H., 2013. he Evaluation of Water Salinity Effect on Geotechnical fine-grained soils. Journal of Engineering Geology 7(2), 23-45.
Ajam, M., Sabour, M., Dezvareh, G.A., 2017. Study of water salinity effect on geotechnical behavior of soil structure using response surface method. Ciência eNatura, Santa Maria 36, 360-369.
Alainachi I.H., Alobaidy G.A., 2010. The Effects of Basra Gulf Salt Water on The Proctor Compaction and CBR Test Results of Soil Samples at Baniyas City, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 15, 1−17.
Alawaji, H., 1999. Swell and compressibility characteristics of sand-bentonite mixtures inundated with liquids. Applied Clay Science 15, 411−430.
Almdar, S., 1999. Long-term effect of saline water on fine-grained soils. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University.
ASTM., 2007. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken.
Brandl, H., 1992. Mineral liners for hazardous waste containment. Geotechnique 42(1), 57-65.
Cancelli, A., Cossu, R., Malpei, F., Offredi, A., 1994. Effects of leachate on the permeability of sand-bentonite mixtures. Proc. Landfilling of Waste 13, 259−293.
Castellanos, E., Gens, A., Lioret, A., Romero, E., 2006. Influence of water chemistry on the swelling capacity of a high-density bentonite. In: Miller, G.A., Geotechnical Special Publication 147(1), 962−971.
Dutta, J., Komar, A.K., 2019. Consolidation behaviour of bentonites in the presence of salt solutions. Applied Clay Science 120, 61–69.
Emami azadi, M.R., 2008. The Effects of Urmieh Lake Salt Water on the Proctor Compaction and CBR Test Results of Well Graded Gravel-Sand Mixed With Clay (GSCW) Soil Samples. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 13, 87−99.
Khormali, F., 2006. Evolution, Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical properties of saline and sodic soils of Major series in Golestan Province. Researching proposa, 88p.
Kumar, N., Jeevana, S., Uday, K.V., 2018. Effect of Salinity on Geotechnical Properties of Expansive Soils. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 4(7), 6008−6016.
Mahasneh, B.Z., 2004. Dead Sea Water as a Soil Improvement Agent. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering(9), 87−93.
Maio, C.D., 2018. Exposure of bentonite to salt solution osmotic and mechanical effects. Geotecnique 46(4), 695−707.
Mansour, Z. M., Taha, M.R., Chik, Z., 2008. Fresh- Brine Water Effect on the Basic Engineering Properties of Lisan Marl-Dead Sea- Jordan. Journal of Applied Sciences 8, 3603−3611.
Mashkoh, Z., 2012. Case study of salinity and resistance parameters of saline soil in Yazd province. Second National Conference on Structure -Earthquake –Geotechnics.
Matthew, A.G., Akinyele, A.O., 2014. Sodium and Calcium Salts Impact on Soil Permeability. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering 4(3), 37−45.
Mishra, A.K., Ohtsubo, M., Li, Y.L., Higashi, T., Park, J., 2019. Effect of salt of various concentrations on liquid limit and hydraulic conductivity of different soil-bentonite mixtures. Environmental Geology 57, 1145−1153.
Mohamadnezhad, M., Khormali, F.,  Raghimi, M., 2012. Physico-chemical properties and electron microscopic studies of saline and sodic soils in Golestan Province. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 19(1), 134-152.
Naeini, S.A., Jahanfar, M.A., 2017. Effect of Salt Solution and Plasticity Index on undrain Shear Strength of Clays. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 5(1), 982−986
Shariatmadari, N., Salami, M., Karimpour Fard, M., 2011. Effect of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Some Geotechnical Properties of Soil-Bentonite Mixtures as Barriers. International Journal of Civil Engineering 9, 103−110.
Tajnin, R., Abdullah, T., Rokonuzzaman, M.D., 2014. Study on the salinity and pH and its effect on geotechnical properties of soil in south-west region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Advanced Structures and Geotechnical Engineering 3(2), 2348−1439.
Turkoz, M., Savas, H., Acaz, A., Tosun, H., 2014. The effect of magnesium chloride solution on the engineering properties of clay soil with expansive and dispersive characteristics. Applied Clay Science 101, 1–9.