مورفوگروپ های فرامینیفری سازند قم در مناطق نطنز و قم: کاربرد آنها در تفاسیر دیرینه محیطی و پالئواکولوژیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکولوژی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه دامغان، دامغان، ایران

4 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

5 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

بررسی گروه‌های شکلی، به دلیل مستقل بودن از تاکسونومی گونه‌ها و همچنین امکان مقایسه تجمعاتی با سنین مختلف ابزار مناسبی برای تفاسیر اکولوژیکی و پالئواکولوژیکی محسوب می‌گردد. مطالعه روزنبران سازند قم در برش‌های نطنز (با سن روپلین؟-شاتین-آکیتانین و 330 متر ضخامت) و خورآباد (جنوب شرقی قم؛ با سن روپلین- بوردیگالین و 260 متر ضخامت)، منجر به تشخیص هشت گروه شکلی شد. شناسایی گروه‌های شکلی بر اساس مورفولوژی و معماری پوسته (شامل شکل کلی، الگوی پیچش، آرایش و تعداد حجرات) و زیستگاه استنباطی (سطح زی یا درون زی/نیمه درون زی) و استراتژی تغذیه استوار بوده است. در هر دو برش بطور کلی انواع سطح زی غالب بوده‌اند. در 200 متر پایینی برش نطنز گروه‌های شکلی با دیواره پورسلانوز و در بخش بالایی، گروه‌های شکلی با دیواره هیالین فراوانی بیشتری دارند که بیانگر نهشته شدن بخش‌های پایینی در محیط‌های لاگونی و نهشته شدن بخش-های بالایی برش (به طور عمده) در دریای باز است. این تغییر چشمگیر در طول زمان بیانگر افزایش تدریجی عمق حوضه، کاهش شوری، کاهش روشنایی و کاهش مواد مغذی است. پراکندگی گروه‌های شکلی در برش خورآباد از یک الگوی عکس تبعیت می‌کند. به طوری که با وجود نوسانات جزئی، در 200 متر پایینی برش خورآباد، گروه‌های شکلی با دیواره هیالین و در بخش بالایی، گروه‌های شکلی با دیواره پورسلانوز غالب هستند که بیانگر نهشته شدن بخش‌های پایینی در محیط‌های دریای باز و نهشته شدن بخش‌های بالایی برش (به طور عمده) در محیط‌های لاگونی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Alperin, M.I., Cusminsky, G.C., Bernasconi, E., 2011. Benthic foraminiferal morphogroups on the Argentine continental shelf. The Journal of Foraminiferal Research 41(2), 155–166.
Bernhard, J.M., 1986. Characteristic assemblages and morphologies of benthic foraminifera from anoxic, organic-rich deposits: Jurassic through Holocene. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 16, 207-215.
Bindiu, R., Filipescu, S., 2015. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the middle Eocene deposits from the northern part of the Tarcău Nappe (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Studia UBB Geologia 59 (1-2), 45 – 59.
BouDagher-Fadel, M.K., 2018. Evolution and Geological Significance of Larger Benthic Foraminifera, 2st edition, UCL Press, London, p. 693.
Brandano, M., Frezza, V., Tomassetti, L., Pedley, M., 2009. Facies analysis and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Oligocene Attard Member (Lower Coralline Limstone Formation), Malta. Sedimentology 56, 1138–1158.
Chan, S.A., Kaminski, M.A., Al-Ramadan, K., Babalola, L.O., 2017. Foraminiferal biofacies and depositional environments of the Burdigalian mixed carbonate and siliciclastic Dam Formation, Al-Lidam area, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 469, 1-16.
Coccioni, R., Galeotti, S., 1993. Orbitally induced cycles in benthonic foraminiferal morphogroups and trophic structure distribution patterns from the Late Albian Amadeus Segment central Italy. Journal of Micropalaeontology 12, 227–239.
Corliss, B.H., Chen, C., 1988. Morphotype patterns of Norwegian deep-sea benthic foraminifera and ecological application. Geology 16, 716–719.
Daneshian, J., Ramezani Dana, L., 2007. Erly Miocene benthic foraminifera and biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation, Deh Namak, Central Iran. Journal Asian Earth Science 29, 844–858.
Davies, M., 2016. An integrated chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic framework and benthic foraminifera morphogroup response to paleoenvironmental conditions of the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation Canadian Arctic Archipelago. M.S.c thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario. 
Duleba, W., Debenay, J.P., Eichler, B.B., Michaelovitch, M.M., 1999. Holocene Environmental and Water Circulation Changes: Foraminifer Morphogroups Evidence in Flamengo Bay (SP, Brazil). Journal of Coastal Research 15(2), 554-571.
Geel, T., 2000. Recognition of stratigraphic sequences in carbonate platform and slope deposits: empirical models based on microfacies analysis of Palaeogene deposits in southeastern Spain. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 155, 211–238.
Hallock, P., 1985. Why are larger foraminifera large? Paleobiology 11, 195–208.
Hallock, P., Forward, L.B., Hansen, H.J., 1986. Influence of environment on the test shape of Amphistegina. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 16, 224–231.
Hasani, M.J., 2006. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Qom Formation deposits in the Sirjan areas. MSc. thesis, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Hosseinipour, F., 2004. Study of biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Oligo-Miocene sediments at north and northwest Sirjan. MSc. thesis, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Friedrich, O., Reichelt, K., Herrle, J. O., Lehmann, J., Pross, J., Hemleben, C., 2003. Formation of the L Aptian NiveauFallot black shale in the Vocontian Basin (SE France): evidence from foraminifera, palynomorphs, and stable isotopes. Marine Micropaleontology 49, 65-85.
Jones, R.W., Charnock, M.A., 1985. Morphogroups of agglutinated foraminifera. Their life position and feeding habits and potential applicability in paleoecological studies. Revue de Paleobiologie 4, 311–320.
Katz, M., Thunell, R., 1984. Benthic foraminiferal biofacies associated with middle Miocene to early Pliocene oxygen-deficient conditions in the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 14(3), 187–202.
Kender, S., Kaminski, M.A., Jones, R.W., 2009. Early to middle Miocene foraminifera from the deep-sea Congo Fan, offshore Angola. Micropaleontology 54, 477-568.
Khaksar, K., Maghfouri Moghadam, I., 2007. Paleontological study of the echinoderms in the Qom Formation (Central Iran). Earth Science Research Journal 11(1), 57–79.
Koutsoukos, E.A.M., Hart, B.H., 1990. Cretaceous foraminiferal morphogroup distribution patterns, palaeocommunities and trophic structures: a case study from the Sergipe Basin, Brazil. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 81, 221-246.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, M., Ghaedi, M., Dehghan, R., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Baizidi, C., Vaziri, M.R., Sfidari, E., 2013. The Tethyan Seaway Iranian Plate Oligo-Miocene deposits (the Qom Formation): distribution of Rupelian (Early Oligocene) and evaporate deposits as evidences for timing and trending of opening and closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Carbonates and Evaporites 28, 321-345.
Mohammadi, E., Ameri, H., 2015. Biotic components and biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation in northern Abadeh, Sanandaj–Sirjan fore-arc basin, Iran (northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, 10789–10802.
Mohammadi, E., Ameri, H., Ghaedi, M., Vaziri, M.R., Dastanpour, M., Sadeghi, R., 2016. Biostratigraphy, microfacies and depositional model of the Qom Formation in northeastern Natanz (southeastern Qom back-arc basin). Paleontology 3, 1–24.
Mohammadi, E., Vaziri, M.R., Dastanpour, M., 2015. Biostratigraphy of the Nummulitids and Lepidocyclinids bearing Qom Formation based on Larger Benthic Foraminifera (Sanandaj–Sirjan fore-arc basin and Central Iran back-arc basin, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, 403-423.
Mohammadi, E., Hasanzadeh-Dastgerdi, M., Safari, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., 2019. Microfacies and depositional environments of the Qom Formation in Barzok area, SW Kashan, Iran. Carbonates Evaporites 34, 1293–1306.
Mohammadi, E., 2020a. Sedimentary Facies and Depositional Environments of the Oligocene-Early Miocene Marine Qom Formation, Central Iran Back-Arc Basin, Iran (Northeastern Margin of the Tethyan Seaway). Carbonates and Evaporites 35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00553-0
Mohammadi, E., 2020b. Sedimentary facies and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Oligocene larger-benthic-foraminifera-dominated Qom Formation in the northeastern margin of the Tethyan Seaway. Palaeoworld, 1-37, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00553-0
Motamedalshariati, M., Raisossadat, S.N., Moluodi, D., Mortazavi Mehrizi, M., 2016. Foraminifera biozonation and morphogroups from Nimbolook section, east margin of Lut block, Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9, 720, 1-11.
Murray, J.W., 1973. Distribution and ecology of benthic foraminiferids. Heinemann Educational Books, London. p. 274.
Murray, J.W., 2006. Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 426.
Murray, J.W., Alve, E., Jones, B., 2011. A new look at modern agglutinated benthic foraminiferal morphogroups: their value in palaeoecological interpretation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 309, 229-241.
Nagy, J., 1992. Environmental significance of foraminiferal morphogroups in Jurassic North Sea deltas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 95, 111-134.
Nagy, J., Grandstein, F.M., Kaminski, M.A., Holbourn, A.E., 1995. Foraminiferal morphogroups, paleoenvironments and new taxa from Jurassic to Cretaceous strata of Thakkhola, Nepal. In M.A. Kaminski et al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication 3, Krakow: Grzybowski Foundation, pp. 181–209.
Nikfard, M.,   H., Vaziri-Moghaddam, Seyrafian, A, Behdad, A., Shabafrooz, R., 2020. A review of the Oligo–Miocene larger benthic foraminifera in the Zagros basin, Iran; New insights into biozonation and palaeogeographical maps. Revue de Micropaleontology, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmic.2020.100408  
Nikitenko, B.L., Reolid, M., Glinskikh, L., 2013. Ecostratigraphy of benthic foraminifera for interpreting Arctic record of Early Toarcian biotic crisis (northern Siberia, Russia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 376, 200–212.
Rahimzadeh, F., 1994. Geology of Iran: Oligocene–Miocene, Pliocene. Geological Survey of Iran.
Reolid, M., Nagy J., Rodríguez-Tovar F.J., Olóriz, F., 2008. Foraminiferal Assemblages as Palaeoenvironmental Bioindicators in Late Jurassic Epicontinental Platforms: Relation with Trophic Conditions. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53(4), 705-722.
Reuter, M., Piller, W.E., Harzhauser, M., Mandic, O., Berning, B., Rogl, F., Kroh, A., Aubry, M.P., Wielandt-Schuster, U., Hamedani, A., 2009. The Oligo-/Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways. International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, 627–650.
Sadeghi, R., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Mohammadi, E., 2018. Biofacies, depositional model, and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, Interior Fars sub-zone, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Carbonate Evaporite 33, 489–507.
Sarbandi Farahani, T., Reolid, M., Yazdi, M., Majidifard, M.R., 2018. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages of the Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments from the northeastern Alborz and western Koppeh Dagh, Iran: Systematic palaeontology and palaeoecology. Annales de Paléontologie 104, 249–265.
Severin, K.P., 1983. Test morphology of benthic foraminifera as a discriminator of biofacies. Marine Micropaleontology 8, 65-76.
Schuster, F., Wielandt, U., 1999. Oligocene and Early Miocene coral faunas from Iran: palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. International Journal of Earth Science 88, 571–581.
Setoyama, E., Kaminski, M.A., Tyszka, J., 2017. Late Cretaceous-Paleogene foraminiferal morphogroups as palaeoenvironmental tracers of the rifted Labrador Margin, northern proto-Atlantic. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication 22, 179–220.
Stojanova, V., Petrov, G., 2018. Foraminiferal Assemblages as Palaeoenvironmental Bioindicators in Late Jurassic Epicontinental Platforms: Relation with Trophic Conditions. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53(4), 705-722.
Szydło, A., 2005. Benthic foraminiferal morphogroups and taphonomy of the Cieszyn beds (Tithonian-Neocomian, Polish Outer Carpathians). Studia Geologica Polonica 124, 199-204.
Tyszka, J., 1994. Response of Middle Jurassic benthic foraminiferal morphogroups to dysoxic/anoxic conditions in the Pieniny Klippen Basin, Polish Carpathians. Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology 110, 55–81.
Valchev B., 2006. Benthic foraminiferal morphogroups from the Paleocene of the coastal part of East Stara Planina Mts. Geologica Balcanica 35 (3-4), 41-48.
Verma, K., Bharti, S., Singh, A.D., 2018. Late Glacial–Holocene record of benthic foraminiferal morphogroups from the eastern Arabian Sea OMZ: Paleoenvironmental implications. Journal of Earth System Science 127(21), 1-16.