ارزیابی منشا زمین شناسی و پراکنش ژئوشیمیایی فلزات سنگین در رسوبات چشمه های شورابه ای استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز

2 سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی کشور، مدیریت مرکز جنوب باختری، اهواز

چکیده

در این مطالعه پراکنش فلزات سنگین(Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, As)  در رسوبات 13 چشمه شورابه ­ای در استان خوزستان شامل؛ چشمه پیرموسی، چشمه ­های دوگانه گره­ بردی، چشمه ­های سه ­گانه قلعه­ مدرسه، بتوند، کوه ­زر، عقیلی، کوه ­سالن (هفت­تنان)، قاسم ­آباد، ایسپره و دوبلوطان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. از لحاظ موقعیت زمین ­شناسی این چشمه ­ها عمدتا در کمربند زاگرس چین ­خورده-رانده (زیر پهنه فروبار دزفول) و در سازند گچساران واقع شده ­اند. در این مطالعه خصوصیات زمین­ شناسی، فراوانی و پراکنش فلزات سنگین در نمونه ­های رسوب این چشمه ­ها با بکارگیری شاخص­ های زمین ­زیست ­محیطی نظیر فاکتور آلودگی (Cf)، فاکتور غنی ­شدگی (Ef)، شاخص خطر بالقوه اکولوژیکی (Eri)، شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی اصلاح شده (MRI) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین، روش آماری تجزیه تحلیل مولفه ­های اصلی (PCA) جهت بررسی و شناخت منشا فلزات سنگین در رسوبات این شورابه ­ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. عمده نمونه ­های مورد مطالعه CfCf  1 را نشان می ­دهند که معرف تغییر میزان آلودگی از کم تا متوسط (برای کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک) است. همچنین مقادیر Ef در اکثر نمونه ­ها از Ef >1 تا Ef iدارند. از سوی دیگر، مقادیر مربوط به شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی اصلاح شده نشان می­دهد که نمونه­ های مورد مطالعه عمدتا در محدوده خطر پایین قرار دارند. آنالیز مولفه های اصلی (PCA) حاکی از منشا گیری احتمالی عنصرکبالت از لایه ­های سنگی سازند گچساران است، در حالیکه بنظر می ­رسد عناصر آرسنیک، کروم، کادمیوم، نیکل و سرب حاصل تاثیر شورابه ­های نفتی بر روی چشمه­ های مورد مطالعه باشند.

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