Application of structural data, chemistry of sulfide minerals and fluid inclusion in mineralization type determination of Zn-Pb carbonate hosted Gardaneshir ore deposit in Southwest Ardestan

Authors

Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Gardeneh-Shir zinc and lead deposit is located at 38 km southwest of Ardestan in Central Iran. The host rocks of this deposit includes carbonates of Middle Triassic Shotory Formation juxtaposed over Upper Triassic Naiband Formation by thrust faulting. The mineralization in these deposits is in the form of vein-veinlet, breccia and filling of karstic cavities with dolomitization and silicification and mainly controlled by Strike-slip faults with the normal component and normal faults with strike slip component those are cross cutting older generation of thrust faults. The results of fluid inclusion studies of on quartz and dolomite in Gardeneh-Shir deposits Area show a fluid with a salinity of 23.2-18.6% by weight of salt, temperature range of homogeneity between 91 -162 ° C and a density of 1.09-1.056 g/cm3. The combination of fluid inclusion and EPMA analysis of Zn / Cd (879%) elemental ratios in sphalerite mineral has confirmed low temperature generation of Gardeneh Shir deposit. According to the results of our studies including host rock type, mineralogy, mineralization control structures, salinity and temperature it can be considered that the mineralization of zinc and lead are the mining region of Gardeneh-Shir deposits in the category of MVT type deposits

Keywords

References

Aghanabati, A., 1998. Major sedimentary and structural units of Iran (map). Geosciences 7, 29-30.
Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, 600p.
Bazargani-Guilani, K., Nekouvaght Tak, M.A., Faramarzi, M., 2011. PbZn deposits in Cretaceous carbonate host rocks, northeast Shahmirzad, central Alborz, Iran. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, 297–307.
Berberian, M., 1983. The southern Caspian: A compressional depression floored by a trapped, modified oceanic crust. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 20, 163-183.
Boveiri konari, M., Rastad, E., Peter, j., 2017. A sub-seafloor hydrothermal syn-sedimentary to early diagenetic origin for the Gushfil Zn-Pb-(Ag-Ba) deposit, south Esfahan, Iran. Journal of Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 194/1, 61–90.
Choulet, F., Charles, N., Barbanson, L., Branquet, Y., Sizaret, S., Ennaciri, A., Badra, L., Chen, Y., 2013. Non-sulfide zinc deposits of the Moroccan High Atlas: multiscale characterization and origin. Ore Geology Reviews 56, 115-140.
Cooke, D.R., Bull, S.W., Large, R.R., McGoldrick, P.J., 2000. The importance of oxidized brines for the formation of Australian Proterozoic stratiform sediment-hosted Pb-Zn (Sedex) deposits. Economic Geology 95, 1–18.
Goodfellow, W.D., Lydon, J.W., 2007. Sedimentary exhalative (Sedex) deposits. In: Goodfellow, W.D. (Ed.), Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods. Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, pp. 163–183.
Gottesmann, W., Kampe, A., 2007. Zn/Cd ratios in calcsilicatehosted sphalerite ores at Tumurtijn-ovoo, Mongolia. Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry 67, 323-328.
Hanjie, W., Chuanwei, Z., Yuxu, Z., Christophe, C., Haifeng, F., Shaohong, F., 2016. Zn/Cd ratios and cadmium isotope evidence for the classification of lead-zinc deposits. Scientific Reports 6, 25273.
Hitzman, M.H., Reynolds, N.A., Sangster, D.F., Allen, C.R., Carman, C.E., 2003. Classification, genesis, and exploration guides for nonsulphide zinc deposits. Economic Geology 98, 685-714.
Hnatyshin, D., 2012. Geochronology and Trace Element Characteristics of Pyrite from Selected Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Ore Deposits. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta.
Jazi, M.A., Karimpour, M.H., Shafaroudi, A.M., 2017. Nakhlak carbonate-hosted Pb/U (Ag) deposit, Isfahan province, Iran: a geological, mineralogical, geochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope study. Ore Geology Reviews 80, 27–47.
Karimzadeh, F., Adabi, M.H., 2009. Description of Different Kinds of Dolomites in Shotori Formation (Kouhbanan area) based on Petrographic and Geochemical Studies with a Reference to the Role of Shales in the Sorkh Shale Formation as a Major Source of Mg. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 38, 92–108.
Laznicka, P., 1989. Breccia’s and ores. Part 1: History, organization and petrography of breccia’s. Ore Geology Reviews 4, 315-344.
Leach, D.L., Sangster, D.F., Kelley, K.D., 2005. Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits: A global perspective. In: Hedenquist, J.W., Thompson, J.F.H., Goldfarb, R.J., Richards, J.P., (eds.) Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, 1905–2005, pp. 561–607. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Leach, D.L., Taylor, R.D., Fey, D.L., Diehl, S.F., Saltus, R.W., 2010. A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc ores: Chapter A of mineral deposit models for resource assessment. US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010– 5070–A. Reston, Geological Survey.
Leach, D.L., Bradley, D.C., Huston, D., Pisarevsky, S.A., Taylor, R.D., Gardoll, S.J., 2010. Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits in Earth History. Economic Geology 105, 593–625.
Lotfi, M., Hekmatian, A., Shabani, A., Mokhtari, M., 2015. Geology and Origin of Oras-Kuh Pb-Zn Deposit in Eastern Alborz (Semnan Province). Journal of Earth Sciences, 73-84.
Madanipour, S., Yassaghi, A., Ehlers, T.A., Enkelmann, E., 2018. Tectonostratigraph, structural geometry and kinematics of the NW Iranian plateau margin: insights from the Talesh mountains, Iran. American Journal of Science 158, 37-46.
Maghfouri, S., Hosseinzadeh, M.R., Rajabi, A., Azimzadeh., 2017. Darreh-Zanjir deposit; a typical carbonate hosted Zn-Pb deposit (MVT) in Early Cretaceous sedimentary sequence, Southern Yazd basin. Journal Earth Sciences 103, 13-28.
Maghfouri, S., Hosseinzadeh, M.R., Rajabi, A., Choulet, F., 2018. A review of major non-sulfide zinc deposits in Iran. Geoscience Frontiers 9, 249-272.
Mahmoodi, P., Rastad, E, Rajabi, A., Peter, J.M., 2018. Ore facies, mineral chemical and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Hossein-Abad and Western Haft-Savaran sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits, Arak Mining District, Iran. Ore Geology Reviews 342–365.
Nakini, A., Mohajjel, M., Tadayon, M., 2016. Correlation of lead and zinc mineralization with faulting structure in Darreh-Zanjir deposit, southwest of Yazd. Advanced Applied Geology 2, 235-255.
Porouhan, N., Teimoornegad, K., Mohajjel, M., 2003. Geometry and Kinematics of Qom-Zefreh Fault System and its Significance in Transpresssion Tectonics. Journal Earth Sciences 95, 27-38.
Radfar, j., Amini, M.R., Emami, M.H., 1999. Geological map of the Ardestan area, scale 1: 100,000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Rajabi, A., Rastad, E., Canet, C., 2012. Metallogeny of Cretaceous carbonate hosted Zn-Pb deposits of Iran, geotectonic setting and data integration for future mineral exploration. Ore Geology Reviews 54, 1649-1672.
Rajabi, A., Yarmohammadi, A., Gholami. E., 2016. Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Mineralization of the Ab-Bid Deposit, South of Ravar. 24th Sympodium of Crystallography and Mineralogy of Iran.
Rastad, E., Boveiri konari, M., Kalender, L., 2017. Implication of Geochemical Investigations on the Genetic Model of Sediment-Hosted Base Metal Deposits.  Advanced Applied Geology, 42-64.
Schneider, J., Von Quadt, A., and Wilkinson, J.J., 2007, Age of the Silvermines Irishtype Zn-Pb deposit from direct Rb-Sr dating of sphalerite. In: Andrew CJ, et al. Digging Deeper: Proceedings of the 9th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, Dublin, Ireland, 20–23 August 2007, p. 373–376. Dublin: Irish Association for Economic Geology.
Song, X., 1984. Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou lead-zinc deposit, China. Mineralium Deposita 19, 95-104.
Stampfli, G.M., Borel, G., 2003. A revised plate tectonic model for the western Tethys from Paleozoic to Cretaceous: Barcelona, Spain, international Conference, September 1–6 p.
Wen, H., Zhu, C., Zhang, Y., Cloquet, C., Fan, H., Fu, S., 2016. Zn/Cd ratios and cadmium isotope evidence for the classification of lead-zinc deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 85, 105-117.
Wiesheu, R., Hein, U.F., 1998. The history of fluid inclusion studies. In: Fritscher, B., Henderson, F., (eds.) Toward a history of mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry. Heft 23, Munchen, Institut fur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, 309-326.
Wilkinson, J. J., 2003. On diagenesis, dolomitisation and mineralization in the Irish Zn- Pb orefield. Mineralium Deposita 38, 968–983.
Wilkinson, J.J., 2010. A Review of Fluid Inclusion Constraints on Mineralization in the Irish Ore Field and Implications for the Genesis of of Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposits. Economic Geology 105, 417-442.
Wilkinson, J.J., 2001. Fluid inclusion in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos 55, 229-272.
Wilkinson, J.J., Eyre, S.L., Boyce, A.J. 2005. Ore-Forming Processes in Irish-Type Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb Deposits, Evidence from mineralogy. Economic Geology 100, 63-86.
Wilkinson., J.J. 2014. Sediment-hosted zinc-lead mineralization: Processes and Perspectives. Treatise on Geochemistry 2nd edition, 219 -249.
Wilmsen, M., Fürsich, F. T., Seyed-Emami, K., Majidifard, M. R., Taheri, J., 2009. The Cimmerian orogeny in northern Iran: tectonostratigraphic evidence from the foreland. Terra Nova 21, 211–218.
Xuexin, S., 1984. Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou lead-zinc deposit, China. Mineralium Deposita 19, 95-104.
Yarmohammadi, A., Rastad, E., Rajabi, A., 2016. Geochemistry, fluid inclusion study and genesis of the sediment-hosted Zn-Pb (± Ag ± Cu) deposits of the Tiran basin, NW of Esfahan, Iran. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 193, 183-203.
Zarasvandi, A., Sameti, M., Sadeghi, M., Rastmanesh, F., Pourkaseb, H., 2014. The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb Deposit, Lorestan Province, Iran Metamorphosed SEDEX Deposit. Acta Geologica Sinica 88, 142-153.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 10, Issue 3
October 2020
Pages 452-467

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics