زیست‌دسترس‌پذیری و زیست‌انباشت فلزات سنگین در سیستم رسوب-گیاه تالاب شادگان، استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

تالاب شادگان یکی از مهمترین و ارزشمندترین زیستگاه‌های آبی کشور است که از نظر زیست‌شناختی و بوم‌شناختی اهمیت زیادی در حیات‌وحش منطقه دارد. به منظور ارزیابی گونه‌های گیاهی به عنوان اندامگان نشانگر آلودگی فلزات سنگین در مطالعات زیست‌پایشی بوم‌سامانه آبی، در این پژوهش انباشت فلزات سنگین(مولیبدن، مس، سرب، روی، آرسنیک، سلنیم، جیوه، نیکل، کبالت، کادمیم، کروم، وانادیم، منگنز، آلومینیم و آهن) در ریشه و اندام هوایی ماکروفیت‌های نی(Phragmites australis)، لوئی(Typha latifolia)، چمن‌شور(Aeluropus lagopoides)، باتلاقی‌شور(Halocnemum strobilaceum) و جگن(Scripus maritimus) تعیین شد. غلظت‌ فلزات سنگین در ریشه‌ی هر پنج گونه از اندام‌هوایی بیشتر بود که بیانگر مناسب بودن این گونه‌ها به عنوان نشانگرهای حضور و میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در تالاب‌ها هستند. بیشترین مقدار ضریب زیست‌انباشت مربوط به عنصر سلنیم می‌باشد. همچنین غلظت سلنیم در گیاهان از رسوب بیشتر است. ضریب انتقال کمتر از یک برای تمام عناصر در گیاه نی نشان‌دهنده توانایی کم گونه گیاهی نی برای انتقال ‎عناصر از ریشه به اندام‌های هوایی است. طبق نتایج استخراج گزینشی سه عنصر سرب، نیکل و روی بیشترین زیست‌دسترس‌پذیری را دارند.

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