Geochemistry and distribution of heavy metals in coastal and marine sediments of Chabahar Bay

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Shiraz University, College of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences

2 MSc student, Environmental Geology, Shiraz University, College of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences

3 Professor, Shiraz University, College of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences

4 Iranian National Institute for Oceanography (INIO), Gulf of Oman and Indian Ocean Station-Chabahar

Abstract

      Chabahr Bay Located SE of Sistan and Baluchestan province, due to its omega-shape and limited water circulation, is environmentaly important. In this research, 12 surface samples and 6 core samples from coastal and Chabahar Bay sediments were collected to evaluate surficial and vertical distribution of heavy metals. Results of chemical analysis indicate that mean concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd, V, As, Mn, Fe and Mg are 14.66 ppm, 14.44 ppm, 46.86 ppm, 51.89 ppm, 36.7 ppm, 9.57 ppm, 0.19 ppm, 23.8 ppm, 9.51 ppm, 497.2 ppm, 2% and 1.35 %, respectively. Calculated enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and contamination factor indicate that both coast and bay sediments are polluted by Ni, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu. The 7th-Tir Jetty displays the highest enrichment factor for Pb. 7th-Tir, Shahid Beheshti, Shahid Kalantari and Konarak Jetties are the most polluted sections of Chabahar Bay. Results of correlation coefficient and cluster analysis reveal that Ni, Cr, Co, V, Fe, Mg and Al are probably geogenic, while Pb, Zn and Cu come from anthropogenic sources. Decreasing Cu concentration with increasing depth in the core sediment of 7th-Tir Jetty reveals the role of human activity in distribution of this element in sediments. Core sediment from mangrove forest indicates Zn pollution. Similarity of Ni, Cr, Co, V, Fe, Mg and Al variation trends in different core sediments probably reflects the geogenic sources of these elements. It is believed that anthropogenic pollution is mostly due to maintenance of boats which results in pouring engine oil, fuels and other polluting material into the Bay cuasing Pb, Zn and Cu pollution. Summer monsoon, SW to NE wind direction and strong waves in the summer, erode coastlines and transfer ocean floor sediments to coastal areas, causing geogenic pollution of Ni, Cr and Fe in sediments.
 

Keywords

References

 
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