Study of sedimentary environment and geochemistry of Kashkan Formation sandstones

Authors

Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University

Abstract

Kashkan Formation (Paleocene-Middle Eocene) consists of conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone facies and the maximum extent of this formation is in Lorestan area. In this study, fifteen lithofacies as Gm, Gms, Gp, Gt, Sm, Sp, St, Sh, Shr, Slr, Slp, Sfl, Fsm, Fm and L were recognized. By using lithofacies, three sedimentary environments( brided river low- sinousity meandring river and coastal plain) hae been separated. XRF analyses of sandstones show that in proximal  facies sandstone facies Fe2o3, Sio2 and Al2o3 are abundant. Against distal sandstone facies Mgo, Cao, U and Sr are high and in coastal facies Na2o, p2o5, K2o and Tio2 are low.
 

Keywords

References

فخاری دهخوار قانی، م.، 1356 بررسی چینه شناسی و محیط های رسوبی سازند کشکان در چهارگوش خرم آباد، پلدختر، کرمانشاه و شاه آباد غرب، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران.
Allen, J. R. L., 1963, The classification of cross- stratified units, with notes on their origin. Sedimentology, 2, 93-114.
Allen, J. R. L., 1983, Studies in fluviatile sedimentation: bars, bar complexes and sandstone sheets (low- sinuosity braided streams) in the Brownstones (L. Devonian), welsh Borders. Sedimentary Geology, 33, 237-293.
Allen, J. R. L, 1984, Parallel lamination developed from upper stage plane beds: a model based on the larger coherent structures of the turbulent boundary layer. Sedimentary Geology, 39, 227-242.
Bhattacharayya, A., Chakraborty, C. 2000,Analysis of sedimentary successions, a field manual, A.A. Balkema Publishers,. 408 P.
Bose, P. K., Chakraborty, P. P., 1994, Marine to fluvial transition: Proterozoic Upper Rewa Sandstone, Maihar, India. Sedimentary Geology, 89, 285-302.
Bridge, J. S., 1981, Bed shear stress over subaqueous dunes, and he transition upper- stage plane beds. Sedimentology, 28, 33-36.
Bridge, J. S., Mackey, S. D., 1993, A revised alluvial stratigraphy model. In: Marzo, M., Puigdefabregas, c. (eds.), Alluvial Sedimentation. Special Publication International Association of Sedimentologists, 17, 319-336.
Browne, G. H., Plint, A. G., 1994, Alternating braidplain and lacustrine deposition in a strike- slip setting: the Pennsylvanian Boss Point Formation of the Cumberland Basin. Maritime Canada Journal of Sedimentary Research, B, 64, 40-59.
 
 
 
 
Collinson, J. D. and Thompson, D. B., 1989, Sedimentary structures (2nd ed.). Unwin Hyman, London, 207 p.
Costa, J. E., 1988, Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyper concentrated flows, and debris flows. In: V. R. Baker, R. C. Kochel, and P. C. Patton (eds.), Flood Geomorphology. Wiley, New York, NY, 113- 122.
Evans. J. E., 1991, Facies relationships, alluvial architecture and paleohydrology of a Paleogene humid- tropical alluvial fan system: Chumstick Formation, Washington State, USA. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 61, 732-755.
Ghazi, S., Mountney,N,P,.2009, Facies and architectural element analysis of a meandering fluvial succession: The Permian Warchha Sandstone,  Salt Range, Pakistan, Sedimentary Geology 221,99-126.
Harms, J. C., and Fahnestock, R. K., 1965, Stratification, bedforms, and flow phenomena (with an example from the Rio Grande). In Primary sedimentary structures and their hydrodynamic interpretation (ed. Middleton, G.V.), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 12, 84-115.
Harms,J.C., Southard, J.B., and Walker, R.G., 1982, Structures and sequences in Clastic Rocks. SEPM, short Cource Notes no.9,851 p.
Hein, F. J. and Walker, R. G., 1977, Bar evolution and development of stratification in the gravelly, braided, KickingHorseRiver, British Colombia. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 14, 562-570.
 
 
Hubert, J. F. and Filipov, A. J., 1989, Debris flow deposits in alluvial fans on the west flank of the white Mountains, Owens valley, California, USA. Sedimentary Geology, 61, 177-205.
James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965, Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Aggrement Area. AAPG Bull., 49, no. 12, 2182-2245.
Kumar, R., Ghosh, S. K., Mazari, R. K. and Sangode, S. J., 2003, Tectonic impact on the fluvial deposits of  Plio-Pleiostocene Himalyan foreland basin, India, Sedimentary Geology, 158, 209-234.
Mack, G. H. and James, W. C, 1992, Paleosols for Sedimentologists. The Geological Society of America, Short Course Notes, 127 p.
McCabe, P. J. and Jones, C. M., 1977, The formation of Reactivation Surfaces within superimposed deltas and bedforms: Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 24, 707-715.
Miall, A. D. 1977. A review of the braided river depositional environment. Earth science Reviews 13, 1- 62.
Miall, A. D., 1985, Architectural- element analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth Science Reviews 22, 261-308.
Miall, A. D., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits, Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis and  Petroleum Geology, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, New York, 582 P.                          
Perry, J. T. O., 1968, NW Lurestan geological survey (1121) unpublished Company Rep.           
Ramos, A., Sopena, A., 1983, Gravel bars in low- sinuosity streams (Permian and Triassic, Central Spain). In: Collinson, J. D., Lewin, J. (eds.), Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems. Special Publication International Association Sedimentologists, 6, 301-312.
Reading, H. G., 1986, Sedimentary Environment and Facies (2nd ed). Blackwell Scientific Publication, 615 p.
Reineck, H. E., Singh, I. B., 1980, Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer- verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 551 p.
Rust, B. R., 1978, Depositional models for braided alluvium. In: Miall, A. D. (ed.), Fluvial sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 5, 605-626.
Shanmugam, G., 1996, High- density turbidity currents: Are they sandy debris flow? Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 2-10.
Simpson, E. L., Dilliard, K. A., Rowell, B. F. and Higgins, D., 2002, The fluvial- to- marine transition within the post- rift Lower Cambrian Hardyston Formation, Eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Sedimentary Geology, 147-127-141.
Stocklin, J., 1972, Lexique Stratigraphic International. Vol. III, Fasicule 96, Iran, 1-283.
Teisseyre, A. K., 1975, Pebble fabric in braided stream deposits with examples from recent and frozen Carboniferous channels (IntrasudeticBasin, Central Sudetes). Geology Sdetica X (1), 7-47.
Tucker, M. B., 2003, Sedimentary rocks in the field (3rd edition). John Wiley & Sons, 234 p.
Walker, R. G., Cant, D. J., 1984, Sandy Fluvial Systems. In: Walker, R.G. (ed.), Facies Models (2nd ed.). Geosicence, Canada, Reprint Series 1, 71-89.
Walker, R. G., Plint, A. G., 1992, Wave- and Storm- dominated shallow marine systems. In: Walker, R. G., and James, N. P. (eds.), Facies models: response to sea level change. Geological Association of Canada, New foundland, 219- 238.
Williams, P. F., Rust, B. R, 1969, The sedimentology of a braided river. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 39, 649-679.
Woo, J., Shinn, Y.J., Kwon, Y.K., Chough, S.K., 2006, The Janson and Myeonsan formation (Early Cambrian) of the Taebaek Group, mideast Korea: depositional processes and environments, Geosciences Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1,p.35-57.
Yagishita, K., 1997, Paleocurrent and analyses of fluvial conglomerates of the Paleogene Noda Group, northeast Japan. Sedimentary Geology, 109, 53-71.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics