Diagenetic Effect on Reservoir Quality in the Kangan Formation, Lavan Field, Persian Gulf

Authors

1 Department of Geology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

2 Professor, School of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran

Abstract

The Kangan Formation with Triassic age is the largest gas reservoirs in the Middle East and the world. This formation in Lavan field, consists of 200 meters of carbonate sequences (limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite), associated with anhydrite layers, with 164 meters of core samples. Based on microscopic and macroscopic studies, 11 facies in 4 facies belts, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine have been identified. Based on identified microfacies, the sedimentry environment of this formation can be introduced as a homoclinal carbonate ramp system. Diagenetic processes in the Kangan Formation has  the most influence on reservoir quality are: mechanical and chemical compaction, dissolution, dolomitization, isopachous fiberous cement, equant cement, drusy cement, blocky cement ,vein cement, poikilotopic cement, anhydrite cement and fractures. Compaction processes and different type of cements reduced reservior quality and dissolution, dolomitization and fractures increased reservior quality.Observed porosity in the Kangan Formation are: intergranular , intragranular, moldic, fenestral, intercrystaline, fracture, vuggy and channel porosities. The Kangan Formation in Lavan field is divided into two zones, K1 and K2. K2 is divided into three sub-zones, K2a, K2b and K2c and  K1 is divided into four sub-zones, K1a, K1b, K1c and K1d.  The K1d sub-zone due to granular dolomitic facies (especially ooid grainstone ) and a significant amount of moldic , intergranular, intercrystaline and  fracture porosities has the highest  reservoir quality in this sequence.
 

Keywords

References

 
پورامینی بزنجانی، س.، 1391. محیط رسوبی ، ژئوشیمی و تعیین خصوصیات مخزنی قسمت فوقانی سازند دالان و کنگان در میدان لاوان و ناحیه کوه سورمه. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. 219 ص.
پورامینی بزنجانی، س. آدابی، م.ح.، حسینی برزی، م.، حناچی، ج.، 1391. میکروفاسیس، محیط رسوبی و دیاژنز بخش فوقانی سازندهای دالان و کنگان در ناحیه کوه سورمه، زاگرس چین خورده. مجله پژوهشهای چینه نگاری و رسوب شناسی. شماره 46. ص 55-74.
یحیایی، ا.، حناچی، ج.، 1386. گزارش نهایی زمین شناسی چاه شماره 3 لاوان در حوضه خلیج فارس.
Aali, J., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Kamali, M.R., 2006, Geochemistry and origin of the world's largest gas field from Persian Gulf, Iran, Petroleum Science and Engineering, v: 50, p: 161-175.
Adabi, M.H.,  Asadi Mehmandosti, E., 2008. Microfacies and geochemistry of the Ilam Formation in the Tang-e- Rashid area, Izeh, S.W. Iran: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v: 33, p: 267-277.
Adabi, M.H., Salehi, M., Ghobeishavi, A., 2010, Depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry of Lower Cretaceous carbonates (Fahliyan Formation), south-west Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v: 39, p: 148-160.
46
 
Adabi, M.H., 2009, Multistage dolomitization of Upper Jurassic Mozduran Formation, Kopet- Dagh Basin, N. E. Iran, Carbonates and Evaporites. v: 24, no: 1, p:16 - 32.
Ahmad, A. H. M., Bhat, G. M., Azim Khan, M.H., 2006, Depositional environments and diagenesis of the Kuldhar and Keera Dome carbonates (  Late Bathonian- Early Callovian) of Western India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v: 27, p: 765-778.
Ahr, W.M., 2008, Geology of Carbonate Reservior, John Wiley and Sons. Inc, 277p.
Amthor, J.E., Freidman, G.M., 1992, Early- to late - diagenetic dolomitization of platform carbonates: Lower Ordovician Ellenburger Group, Permian Basin, West Texas: Journal of Sedimentry Petrology, v: 62, p: 131-144.
Asadi Mehmandosti, E., Adabi, M.H., Woods, A,D., 2013, Microfacies and geochemistry of the Middle Cretaceous Sarvak Formation in Zagros Basin, Izeh Zone, SW Iran. Sedimentary Geology, v: 293, p: 9-20.
Brigaud, B., Durlet, C., Deconinck, J., Vincent, B., Puceat, E., Thierry, J., Trouiller, A., 2009, Facies and climate/environmental changes on a carbonate ramp: A sedimentological and geochemical approach on Middle Jurassic carbonates (Paris Basin, France). Sedimentary Geology. v: 222, p:181-206.
Choquette, P.W., Pray, L.C., 1970, Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. v:54, p:207-250.
Dickson, J.A.D., 1965, A modified staining technique for carbonate in thin section, Nature, 205:587.
Dunham, R.J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture, in: classification of carbonate rocks, Ham, W. E (ed.), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir1,  p:108-121.
El- Saiy, A.K., Jordan, B.R., 2007, Diagenetic aspects of Tertiary carbonates west of Northern Oman Mountains, United Arab Emirates. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v: 31, p: 35-43.
Flugel, E., 2010, Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks: Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Springer verlag, New York, 996 p.
Insalaco, E., Virgone, A., Courme, B., Gaillot, J., Kamali, M., Moallemi, A., Lotfpour, M., Monibi, S., 2006, Upper Dalan Member and Kangan Formation between the Zagros Mountains and offshore Fars, Iran: Depositional system, biostratigraphy and stratigraphic architecture: GeoArabia, v: 11, p:75-176.
James, N.P., Choquette, P.W., 1990, Limestones-the sea floor diagenetic environment: In 1. Mcllreath, A., Morrow, D.W. (eds.), Diagenesis, Geological Association of Canada.
Koehrer, S.B., Heymann, C., Prousa, F., Argner, T., 2010, Multiple-Scale facies and reservoir quality variations within a dolomite body- outcrop analog study from the Middle Triassic, SW German Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology. v: 27. P: 386-411.
Larsen, B., Gudmundsson, A., Grunnalleite, I., Saelen. G., Talbot, M.R., Buckley, S.J., 2010, Effects of sedimentary interfaces on fracture pattern, linkage, and cluster formation in peritidal carbonate rocks. Marine and Petroleum Geology. v: 27, p: 1531-1550.
Lonoy, A., 2006, Making sense of carbonate pore system. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v: 90, p: 1381-1405.
Martini, R., Cirilli, S., Saurer, C., Abate, B., Ferruzza, G., Lo Cicero, G., 2007, Depositional environment and biofacies characterization of the Triassic (Carnian to Rhaetian) carbonate succession of Punta Bassano (Marettimo Island, Sicily). Facies, v: 53(3), p:390-400.
Moore, C.H., 2001, Carbonate Reservoirs: Porosity evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework. Developments in Sedimentology, Amsterdam (Elsevier), v: 55, 460 p.
Rahimpour-bonab, H., Esrafili-Dizaji, B., Tavakoli. V., 2010, Dolomitization and anhydrite precipitation in Permo-Triassic carbonates at the South Pars gasfield, offshore Iran: controls on reservoir quality, Petroleum Geology, v:33, p:1-24.
Rasser, M., Scheibner, C., Mutti, M., 2005, A paleoenvironmental standard section for Early Ilerdian tropical carbonate factories (Corbieres, France; Pyrenees, Spain). Facies, v:51, p:217-232.
Reading, H.G., 1996, Sedimentry Environments: processes, facies and stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Inc. 688 p.
Slowakiewicz, M., Miko1ajewski, Z., 2011, Upper Permain dolomite microbial carbonates as potential source rocks for hydrocarbons (W Poland). Marine and Petroleum Geology. xxx. p:1-20.
Sibley, D.F., Gregg, J.M., 1987, Classification of dolomite rock texture. Journal of Sedimentary  Petrology, v: 57, p: 967-975.
Tavakoli, V., Rahimpour-bonab, H., Esrafili-Dizaji, B., 2011, Diagenetic controlled reservoir quality of South Pars gas field, an integrated approach, Geoscience., v: 343, p:55-71.
Tucker, M.E., Wright, V.R., 1990, Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 482 p.
Tucker, M.E., Calvet, F., Hunt, D., 1993, Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate ramps, system tracts, models and application to the Muschelkalk carbonate platforms of  Eastern Spain. In Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Associations (H, W, Posamentier, C. P. Summerhayes, B. U. Haq and G. P. Allen, Eds.), 397-415 p.
Warren, J., 2000, Dolomite: Occurrence, evolution and economically important associations. Earth Science Reviews, v: 52, p: 1-81.
Warren, J.K., 2006, Evaporites: sediments, resources and hydrocarbons. Springer Verlag, 1035 p.
Zeeh, S., Geng, A., 2001, Entstehung and diagenese von dolomite inder Muschel kalk- Gruppe (Mitteltrias) SW- Deutschlands. Neues Jahrbuch for Geology and Paleontology Abhandlungen. v: 221, p:359-395.
Zeigler, M. A., 2001, Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian plate and it's hydrocarbon occurrence. Geo Arabia, v: 6, no: 3, p: 445-504.
Lucia, F. J., 1995, Rock-fabric/ Petrophysical classification of carbonate pore space for reservoir characterization: American  
      Association of petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v:79, p: 1275-1300.
Lucia, F. J., 1999, Carbonate reservoir characterization: Berlin Heidelberg, Springer Verlag,  226 p.
Advanced Applied Geology
Volume 3, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 2014
Pages 33-47

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics